{"slug": "september-7", "label": "September 7", "month": "September", "day": 7, "groups": [{"title": "Events", "items": [{"year": 397, "year_label": "397 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "First Council of Toledo: Hispanic bishops, including Lampius, condemn Priscillianism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744022#Religion", "title": "397", "revid": 1364744022, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 684, "year_label": "684 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "A large comet is observed in Japan (it's Japan's oldest observation record of Halley's Comet).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805928#Japan", "title": "684", "revid": 1340805928, "section": "Events › By place › Asia › Japan"}}, {"year": 878, "year_label": "878 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Pope John VIII crowns Louis the Stammerer as king of the West Frankish Kingdom, in the cathedral at Troyes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353695287#Religion", "title": "878", "revid": 1353695287, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 924, "year_label": "924 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Tsar Simeon I, ruler (knyaz) of the Bulgarian Empire, leads the burning of the Church of St. Mary of the Spring in Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360748864#July—September", "title": "924", "revid": 1360748864, "section": "Events › July—September"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Battle of Ramla: A Crusader force (some 1,100 men) under Baldwin I defeats the invading Fatimids at Ramla (modern Israel). Baldwin plunders the Fatimid camp and the survivors flee to Ascalon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Levant", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1113, "year_label": "1113 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Republic of Pisa signs a treaty with Ramon Berenguer III ('the Great'), count of Barcelona. The Pisan fleet embarks on a campaign against the Moors in the Balearic Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267067505#Europe", "title": "1113", "revid": 1267067505, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "The German crusaders suffer a natural disaster near Constantinople, when part of their encampment is swept away by a flash flood with considerable loss of life. Emperor Manuel I Komnenos orders the Crusaders to cross to Asia Minor by the Hellespont. Conrad III ignores the advice of Manuel and after some minor clashes with the Byzantines, pushes towards Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1159, "year_label": "1159 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Pope Alexander III succeeds Pope Adrian IV, as the 170th pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561551#Events", "title": "1159", "revid": 1369561551, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Battle of Arsuf: Richard I fights a pitched battle – while waiting for the ideal moment to mount a counterattack. However, the Hospitaller knights led by Garnier de Nablus break formation and launch a charge. Richard restores order in the turmoil and is forced to commit his entire army to support the attack. The Muslim forces flee in panic, but Saladin rallies them in time to defend his camp, and even to lead a counter-charge. By evening, Richard has defeated the Muslim forces, and Saladin retreats in good order to Ramallah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Boniface VIII is imprisoned by Guillaume de Nogaret, French councillor and advisor, on behalf of Philip the Fair at his residence in Anagni. During the incident, Gregory Bicskei, archbishop of Esztergom, is killed. Boniface is for three days held in captivity, where he is beaten, tortured and nearly executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#July–September", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1385, "year_label": "1385 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Scottish and French troops unsuccessfully try to besiege the walled city of Carlisle in England, but Sir Henry Percy, nicknamed \"Hotspur\" breaks the siege and the attackers withdraw to Scotland, ending the war between the two kingdoms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362439687#July–September", "title": "1385", "revid": 1362439687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "King Richard II summons the English Parliament and directs the members to assemble at Winchester on November 3.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#July–September", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Yi Pangsŏk, at 10 years old the youngest son of King Taejo of Korea, is designated as the heir to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#July–September", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1428, "year_label": "1428 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "(29th day of the 7th month of Shōchō 1) Emperor Go-Hanazono, the 10-year old third cousin of the late Emperor Shoko accedes to the throne of Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359832254#July–September", "title": "1428", "revid": 1359832254, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1433, "year_label": "1433 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Cosimo de' Medici, later the unofficial leader of Florence and patron of Marsilio Ficino, is imprisoned in the Palazzo dei Priori. Initially facing life imprisonment, Medici is then exiled by the Albizzi/Strozzi faction instead. He returns a year later, on October 6, 1434.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320602#July–September", "title": "1433", "revid": 1351320602, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1465, "year_label": "1465 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "With the approval by the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III, the Bohemian captain Hinko Tannfeld to plunder the Hungarian town of Sopron.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370409749#July–September", "title": "1465", "revid": 1370409749, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "In Germany, Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg destroys the Tomburg Castle near Wormersdorf in what is now the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The one-day shelling of the castle with cannons takes place after a dispute with the Lord of Tomburg, Friedrich von Sombreff. The castle is never rebuilt and the ruins remain more than 550 years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#July–September", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Second Cornish Uprising in England: Perkin Warbeck lands near Land's End; on September 10 he is proclaimed as King in Bodmin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#July–September", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "The Ottoman Army, commanded by the Sultan Selim I, arrives at Tabriz, capital of Safavid Iran and accepts the surrender of Shah Ismail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#July–September", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Christian II of Denmark makes his triumphant entry into Stockholm, which had surrendered to him a few days earlier. Sten Sture's widow Christina Gyllenstierna, who has led the fight after Sten's death, and all other persons in the resistance against the Danes, are granted amnesty and are pardoned for their involvement in the resistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#July–September", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England gives birth to a daughter, at Greenwich, a little more than three months after she and Henry were married. The King's second daughter, Elizabeth, will become the reigning monarch of England 25 years later and rule for more than 44 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#July–September", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Guru Angad Dev becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#July–September", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "A Royalist army under the Duc d'Anjou and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#July–September", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "The captured Madre de Deus enters Dartmouth harbour in England and is then subjected to mass theft.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#July–September", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1619, "year_label": "1619 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Gaj Singh Rathore becomes the new Raja of Marwar (within the Mughal Empire) at Jodhpur in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father, Sur Singh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369562130#July–September", "title": "1619", "revid": 1369562130, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Treaty of Southampton makes an alliance between England and the Dutch Republic, against Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#July–September", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "8 – Eighty Years' War – Battle in the Bay of Matanzas: Dutch admiral Piet Hein captures 16 ships of the Spanish treasure fleet. The immense booty taken brings in over 11 million guilders, part of which is used to fund the entire army of the Dutch Republic for eight months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#July–September", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630): A Spanish expedition, led by Fadrique de Toledo, wipes out the English colony on St. Kitts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#July–September", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Governor John Winthrop passes a resolution declaring \"that Trimontaine\" on Shawmut peninsula shall be called Boston from now on.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#July–September", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1640, "year_label": "1640 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Portuguese missionary Sebastien Manrique reaches Dhaka and stays for 27 days, leaving on October 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323300#July–September", "title": "1640", "revid": 1361323300, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Irish Confederate Wars: Lord Forbes raises his unsuccessful siege of Galway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "First English Civil War: The Siege of Portsmouth (begun on 10 August) ends with the Royalist garrison surrendering the port to Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "War of the Spanish Succession: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369923832#July–September", "title": "1703", "revid": 1369923832, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Turin: Forces of Austria and Savoy defeat the French near what is now the Italian city of Torino.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#July–September", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1710, "year_label": "1710 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "In Jonathan Swift's satirical Gulliver's Travels, fictional Gulliver sets off on his fourth and final journey, a voyage to the Land of the Houyhnhnms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358049105#July–September", "title": "1710", "revid": 1358049105, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "An Edinburgh crowd drags John Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth Prison, and lynches him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559528#July–September", "title": "1736", "revid": 1360559528, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Stanisław August Poniatowski is elected as the King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#July–September", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "American Revolutionary War: World's first submarine attack – The American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship in New York Harbor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "American Revolutionary War: Invasion of Dominica – The French capture the British fort there, before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in the Franco-American alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary to China, arrives in Guangzhou (Canton).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#July–September", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Napoleonic Wars – French invasion of Russia – Battle of Borodino: The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars so far ends in a tactical victory for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the French Grande Armée alone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#July–September", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#July–September", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Brazil declares its independence from Portugal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#July–September", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands, aboard .", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364866184#July–September", "title": "1835", "revid": 1364866184, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Grace Darling and her father rescue 13 survivors from the Forfarshire, off the Farne Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#July–September", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The portion of the District of Columbia in the United States that was ceded by Virginia in 1790 is re-ceded to Virginia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#July–September", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "The Saimaa Canal was inaugurated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#July–September", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces capture Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#September", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, drowning at least 300 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#September", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Tītokowaru's War: Māori leader Tītokowaru defeats a New Zealand military force at Te Ngutu o Te Manu, North Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#September", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Battle of Agurdat: An Egyptian invasion of Ethiopia fails, when Emperor Yohannes IV defeats an army led by Werner Munzinger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371928758#September", "title": "1875", "revid": 1371928758, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are surrounded by an angry mob and nearly wiped out.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#September", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Under pressure of a general strike, the Belgian Federal Parliament enacts general multiple suffrage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Russian monitor Rusalka sinks in a storm in the Gulf of Finland, with the loss of all 177 crew; her hulk is eventually discovered in 2003 off Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, the oldest Italian Association football club, is formed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The first game of what will become known as rugby league football is played in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#September", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#September", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "British expedition to Tibet: The Dalai Lama signs the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty with Colonel Francis Younghusband.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#September", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "British Cunard Line passenger liner sets out on her maiden voyage, from Liverpool (England) to New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#September", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "8 – The Fourth Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association (the last occasion on which Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud will meet) takes place in Munich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#September", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "Cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#September", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#September–October", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#September", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The steamship SS Kuru sank in Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere, Finland, leading to 138 people drowning.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#September", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Second Round Table Conference on the constitutional future of India opens in London; Mahatma Gandhi represents the Indian National Congress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#September", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "CBS broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the Hollywood Bowl. Many celebrities appear, including Oscar Levant, Fred Astaire, Otto Klemperer, Lily Pons and members of the original cast of Porgy and Bess. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on CD. The Los Angeles Philharmonic is the featured orchestra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#September", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#September", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "WWII: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to rain bombs on London (the first of 57 consecutive nights of strategic bombing).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#September", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Gulf Hotel fire: A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas kills 55.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#September", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & Finance", "text": "First devaluation in Turkey: the lira loses 40% of its value.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#September", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The first Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany convenes in Bonn. They will elect Konrad Adenauer as Chancellor while the Federal Convention, a constitutional body consisting of the Bundestag members and a same number of representatives of the States, elect the liberal Theodor Heuss as President of Germany on 12 September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#September", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The Knockshinnoch Disaster in Scotland kills 13 coal miners; 116 are rescued.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371638577#September", "title": "1950", "revid": 1371638577, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The crash of Air France Flight 1611 kills 95 people, including French Army General René Cogny, as the Caravelle jetliner plunges into the Mediterranean Sea following a fire while making its approach to Nice following its departure from the island of Corsica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310387#September–October", "title": "1968", "revid": 1371310387, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Torrijos-Carter treaties: Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The U.S. agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#September", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "The first cable sports channel, the Entertainment Sports Programming Network (better known as ESPN), is launched in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#September", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "British plantation company Guthrie is taken over by the Malaysian government after successfully purchasing shares to become the major shareholder. This is famously called the 'Dawn Raid attack'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#September", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "An explosion on board a Maltese patrol boat disposing illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo kills seven soldiers and policemen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#September", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet survives an assassination attempt by the FPMR; 5 of Pinochet's bodyguards are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#September", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Desmond Tutu becomes the first black Anglican Church bishop in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#September", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Erich Honecker makes a visit to Bonn, the first (and last) visit by an East German head of state to West Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#September", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "21 – The world's first conference on artificial life is held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#September", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "In Ciskei, members of the Ciskei Defence Force loyal to dictator Oupa Gqozo open fire into a crowd of anti-Gqozo protestors organized by the African National Congress, killing at least 28 people and wounding nearly 200.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#September", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "The 6.0 Athens earthquake hits with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#September", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "14 – Fuel protests in the United Kingdom, with refineries blockaded and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#September", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Scottish Parliament Building opens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#September", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Egypt holds its first ever multi-party presidential election, which is marred with allegations of fraud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#September", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "British Prime Minister Tony Blair announces his intention to resign by the end of 2007.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#September", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "Partial lunar eclipse, visible over most of Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#September", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "October 20 – The 2007 Rugby World Cup takes place in France. South Africa beat defending champions England in the final.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#September", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Israel becomes the 33rd member of the OECD.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#September", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran, and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over support for Syria, nuclear plans and human rights abuses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#September", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "2013 Australian federal election: The Liberal/National Coalition led by Tony Abbott defeats the Labor Government led by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. Abbott is sworn in on September 18.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#September", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The International Olympic Committee awards Tokyo the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#September", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between Ukraine and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#September", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & 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"Births"}}, {"year": 1500, "year_label": "1500 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monk and martyr (d. 1535)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371377541#Births", "title": "1500", "revid": 1371377541, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1524, "year_label": "1524 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (d. 1583)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819061#Births", "title": "1524", "revid": 1368819061, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Luigi Groto, Italian lutenist and poet (d. 1588)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Births", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Hernando de Cabezón, Spanish musician (d. 1602)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Births", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1545, "year_label": "1545 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern, First Count of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1605)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366653612#Births", "title": "1545", "revid": 1366653612, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Filippo Boncompagni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#Births", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1635, "year_label": "1635 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (d. 1713)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360049087#July–September", "title": "1635", "revid": 1360049087, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth, Irish politician (d. 1725)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372048661#Births", "title": "1656", "revid": 1372048661, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Maria Anna of Austria, Archduchess of Austria and Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1754)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#July–September", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, son of Charles Hope (d. 1781)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#July–September", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Births › 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Lorillard II, American businessman, real estate tycoon (d. 1843)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#Births", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Vedanayagam Sastriar Tamil Lutheran hymnwriter and court poet (d. 1864)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#September", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "John William Polidori, English writer and physician (d. 1821)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#Births", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Henry Sewell, 1st Premier of New Zealand (d. 1879)", "cite": {"url": 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"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#September", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Births › September to December › September"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Todor Zhivkov, 36th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1998)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#September", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "John Cornforth, Australian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#September", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Goran Hadžić, Croatian Serb politician and President the Republic of Serbian Krajina during the Croatian War of Independence", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#September", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1964, "year_label": "1964 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Andy Hug, Swiss Seidokaikan karateka and kickboxer (died 2000)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371069587#September", "title": "1964", "revid": 1371069587, "section": "Births › September"}}]}, {"title": "Deaths", "items": [{"year": 251, "year_label": "251 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Sima Yi, Chinese general and regent (b. 179)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188077#Deaths", "title": "251", "revid": 1371188077, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 355, "year_label": "355 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331300399#Deaths", "title": "355", "revid": 1331300399, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 859, "year_label": "859 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Xuān Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. 810)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348997263#Deaths", "title": "859", "revid": 1348997263, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 859, "year_label": "859 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Emperor Xuān Zong (Li Yi) dies after a 13-year reign. 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aged 71 the day before the end of the siege of Szigetvár, and Selim II succeeds him as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#July–September", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Infanta Maria of Guimarães (b. 1538)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#Deaths", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1586, "year_label": "1586 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Prince Masahito, member of the Japanese imperial family (b. 1552)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561042#Deaths", "title": "1586", "revid": 1369561042, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "John Shakespeare, English glover, father of William 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1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I), King of Siam, founder of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand (b. 1737)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#July–December", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Hannah More, English religious writer, Romantic, and philanthropist (b. 1745)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#July–December", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken, Russian military leader (b. 1752)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360323585#July–December", "title": "1837", "revid": 1360323585, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, 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"1936 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "The last known thylacine (\"Tasmanian tiger\"), named Benjamin, dies in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373216494#September–October", "title": "1936", "revid": 1373216494, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Maurice Duplessis, Premier of Quebec (b. 1890)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#September", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Deaths › September"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Yitzhak Gruenbaum, leader of the Zionist movement in the interwar period (b. 1879)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#September", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Deaths › September"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "In London, UK, a poison-filled pellet, supposedly injected using an umbrella, fatally poisons Bulgarian defector Georgi Markov; he dies four days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#September", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › September"}}]}], "count": 170, "span": ["251 CE", "2021 CE"], "years": [251, 355, 397, 684, 859, 878, 923, 924, 934, 1047, 1101, 1109, 1113, 1117, 1134, 1147, 1151, 1159, 1191, 1202, 1288, 1303, 1312, 1322, 1354, 1362, 1385, 1391, 1392, 1395, 1424, 1428, 1433, 1438, 1448, 1458, 1464, 1465, 1473, 1496, 1497, 1500, 1514, 1520, 1524, 1533, 1537, 1539, 1541, 1545, 1548, 1559, 1566, 1569, 1577, 1586, 1592, 1601, 1619, 1625, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1635, 1640, 1642, 1644, 1656, 1683, 1695, 1700, 1703, 1704, 1706, 1707, 1710, 1727, 1729, 1730, 1736, 1741, 1756, 1764, 1774, 1776, 1778, 1795, 1807, 1809, 1812, 1818, 1822, 1833, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1846, 1856, 1860, 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