{"slug": "abraham-lincoln", "label": "Abraham Lincoln", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91", "qid": "Q91", "description": "president of the United States from 1861 to 1865 (1809-1865)", "entries": 30, "years": 15, "span": [1784, 1937], "span_label": ["1784 CE", "1937 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "american-civil-war", "label": "American Civil War", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "confederate-states-of-america", "label": "Confederate States of America", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "republican-party-united-states", "label": "Republican Party (United States)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-senate", "label": "United States Senate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-secretary-of-state", "label": "United States Secretary of State", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "virginia", "label": "Virginia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Nancy Hanks, mother of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1818)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#Births", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – John Hay, diplomat, private secretary to Abraham Lincoln, 37th United States Secretary of State (d. 1905)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#October–December", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Births › October–December"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Johnny Appleseed meets Abraham Lincoln, and plants apple trees in New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#April–June", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American politician, businessman, first son of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (d. 1926)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#August", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Births › August"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 - Abraham Lincoln’s second son, Edward Baker Lincoln, died at the age of three after 52 days for struggling with tuberculosis (consumption) before his fourth birthday in Springfield, Illinois.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#January–March", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Abraham Lincoln accepts the Republican Party nomination for a seat in the United States Senate, delivering his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#April–June", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Abraham Lincoln makes his Cooper Union speech in New York, which is largely responsible for his election to the presidency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#February", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – 1860 United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office, defeating John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#November", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#April", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. in light of suspicions of a conspiracy in Baltimore to kill him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#February", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as the 16th president of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#March", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff – Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops, in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is also killed in the fighting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#October", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Horace Greeley publishes an editorial, \"The Prayer of Twenty Millions\", in the New York Tribune, in which he urges U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to make abolition of slavery an official aim of the Union war effort.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#August", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December", "text": "U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia into two.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#December", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – In his State of the Union address, President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery, as he ordered ten weeks earlier in his Emancipation Proclamation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#December", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – William Wallace \"Willie\" Lincoln, third son of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd Lincoln (b. 1850)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#January–June", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs into law the Pacific Railroad Acts, authorizing construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#July", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Morrill Land-Grant Act into law, creating a system of land-grant colleges, to teach agricultural and mechanical sciences across the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#July", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture (later renamed U.S. Department of Agriculture).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#May", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Homestead Act into law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#May", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – President Abraham Lincoln approves the plan by General Ambrose Burnside to capture the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia. This plan leads to a disastrous Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#November", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command, after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#September", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – American Civil War: The preliminary announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation is made by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln: From January 1, 1863, slaves in the Confederate States will be considered free.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#September", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing proclaims the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's four million slaves and immediately frees 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as the Union Army advances. This event marks the start of America's Reconstruction Era.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – 1864 United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln is reelected, in an overwhelming victory over George B. McClellan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#November", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States Abraham Lincoln is shot while attending an evening performance of the farce Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., by actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#April", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Following Abraham Lincoln's assassination on April 14, the four conspirators condemned to death during the trial are hanged, including David Herold, George Atzerodt, Lewis Powell and Mary Surratt. Her son, John Surratt, escapes execution by fleeing to Canada, and ultimately to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#July", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – John Hay, American diplomat, private secretary to Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#July–August", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Deaths › July–August"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman, son of 16th President Abraham Lincoln (b. 1843)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#July–September", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Deaths › July–September"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – Abraham Lincoln's head is dedicated at Mount Rushmore.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#September", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › September"}}]}