{"slug": "abydos-hellespont", "label": "Abydos, Hellespont", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos%2C_Hellespont", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-393, 1203], "span_label": ["394 BCE", "1203 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "dardanelles", "label": "Dardanelles", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pergamon", "label": "Pergamon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "basil-ii", "label": "Basil II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arabbyzantine-wars", "label": "Arab–Byzantine wars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bulgars", "label": "Bulgars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "walls-of-constantinople", "label": "Walls of Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "theme-byzantine-district", "label": "Theme (Byzantine district)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -393, "year_label": "394 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian general Conon, the Persian satrap Pharnabazus and Evagoras, King of Salamis, win an overwhelming naval victory over the Spartans under Peisander in the Battle of Cnidus (near Rhodes). Following this victory, Conon and Pharnabazus sail along the coast of Ionia, expelling Spartan governors and garrisons from the cities, although they fail to reduce the Spartan bases at Abydos and Sestos. With the Spartan bid for building an empire crumbling, Persia gains mastery of the Aegean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172908#Greece", "title": "394 BC", "revid": 1354172908, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": 717, "year_label": "717 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Muslim general Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik leads his army of 80,000 men from Pergamum to Abydos, where he crosses the Hellespont. To prevent interference by the Bulgars, or by any Byzantine forces in Thrace, he sends part of his army to a covering position near Adrianople; with his main body, Maslama builds siege lines to blockade Constantinople, which is protected by the massive Theodosian Walls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808622#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "717", "revid": 1340808622, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 821, "year_label": "821 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine general Thomas the Slav leads a revolt, and secures control over most of the Byzantine themes (provinces) in Anatolia. He gets recognition from the Abbasid Caliphate, and concludes a peace treaty with Caliph al-Ma'mun. Thomas crosses with his fleet from Abydos to Thrace, and blockades Emperor Michael II in Constantinople; but Thomas' first attack on the capital fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941313#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "821", "revid": 1340941313, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 989, "year_label": "989 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Basil II uses his contingent of 6,000 Varangians to help him defeat Bardas Phokas (the Younger), who suffers a seizure during the siege of Abydos (threatening to blockade the Dardanelles). Phokas dies, ending the revolt and threat to Constantinople. Upon Phokas' death, the other rebel leader Bardas Skleros (who is captured and blinded) yields to Basil's superior forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624689#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "989", "revid": 1357624689, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 992, "year_label": "992 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Pietro II Orseolo, doge of Venice, concludes a treaty with Emperor Basil II to transport Byzantine troops, in exchange for commercial privileges in Constantinople. Venetian ships are exempted from customs duties at Abydos (mostly foreign goods are carried on Venetian ships). Venetian merchants in Constantinople are placed directly under the Grand Logothetes (Minister of Finance).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919750#Europe", "title": "992", "revid": 1364919750, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1024, "year_label": "1024 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Lemnos: Kievan Viking raiders (800 men) sail through the straits at Abydos to the Aegean Sea. From there they make for the island of Lemnos, but are defeated by a Byzantine fleet of the Cibyrrhaeot Theme.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213215#Europe", "title": "1024", "revid": 1342213215, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1113, "year_label": "1113 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Siege of Nicaea: Malik Shah, Seljuk ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, sends an expedition through Bithynia to the very walls of Nicaea. Seljuk forces raid Abydos on the Hellespont, with its rich custom-houses. Malik Shah attacks and captures Pergamum. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sets out to meet the Seljuk invaders. He lifts the siege at Nicaea and wins a complete victory near Cotyaeum (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267067505#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1113", "revid": 1267067505, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – June – The Crusader fleet rounds Greece and stops at Negroponte (modern-day Halkis), where the local authorities submit to Alexios Angelos. Encouraged by this, the Crusader leaders send him and several ships to extend his authority over the neighboring island of Andros. Mid-June, the Crusader fleet sails from Greece to Abydos, where it enters the Dardanelles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}]}