{"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889", "qid": "Q889", "description": "country in Central and South Asia", "entries": 51, "years": 46, "span": [241, 2025], "span_label": ["241 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 24}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 6}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "kabul", "label": "Kabul", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "herat", "label": "Herat", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "greater-khorasan", "label": "Greater Khorasan", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "amu-darya", "label": "Amu Darya", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "balkh", "label": "Balkh", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ghaznavids", "label": "Ghaznavids", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "persia", "label": "Persia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "punjab-region", "label": "Punjab region", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "transoxiana", "label": "Transoxiana", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 241, "year_label": "241 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Shapur I annexes parts of the Kushan Empire. The ancient city of Bagram (modern Afghanistan) is abandoned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304577#Persia", "title": "241", "revid": 1371304577, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 507, "year_label": "507 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first and smaller of the two Buddhas of Bamyan is erected in central Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907722#Asia", "title": "507", "revid": 1364907722, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 554, "year_label": "554 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The second and larger of the two Buddhas of Bamyan is erected in central Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904137#Asia", "title": "554", "revid": 1364904137, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Perso-Turkic War: The Sassanid Persians capture the cities Balkh and Herat (Afghanistan). They cross the Oxus River and repulse a Turkic invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Persia", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 622, "year_label": "622 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Western Turks conquer the Oxus valley and cooperate with Heraclius against Persia, taking Khorasan (modern Afghanistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342469#Asia", "title": "622", "revid": 1368342469, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Xuanzang, Chinese traveler, writes about two huge statues of Buddha carved out of a mountainside in the Bamiyan Valley (Afghanistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Religion", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 651, "year_label": "651 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Rashidun army under Abdullah ibn Aamir invades Afghanistan, and captures the main forts in Khorasan (modern Iran). The Muslim Arabs occupy the cities of Balkh and Herat, which surrender peacefully.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804418#Arabian_Caliphate", "title": "651", "revid": 1340804418, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Caliphate"}}, {"year": 664, "year_label": "664 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Conquest: Arab forces under Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra begin launching raids from Persia, striking at Multan in the southern Punjab (modern Pakistan). Muslims conquer the city of Kabul, invading from eastern Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636792#Arabian_Empire", "title": "664", "revid": 1367636792, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – Battle of the Baggage: The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, pursue them south of the River Oxus (northern Afghanistan), and capture their baggage train. In the winter, the Turgesh and their Transoxianan allies launch a major counter-invasion but are halted and their army is destroyed. Khuttal is then conquered by the Arabs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Asia", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 861, "year_label": "861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ya'qub ibn al-Layth, a Muslim military leader, starts rebelling against the Abbasids and founds the Saffarid Dynasty in the 870s. He rules over parts of Khurasan and eastern Iran, and establishes his capital at Zaranj (modern Afghanistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129426#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "861", "revid": 1341129426, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Forces under the Transoxianian emir Isma'il ibn Ahmad are victorious at Balkh (Northern Afghanistan) over Amr ibn al-Layth; the latter is captured and sent to Caliph Al-Mu'tadid in Baghdad. The Samanid Dynasty rules over Khorasan, as well as Transoxiana. A few months later, the Samanids conquer the Zaydid emirate of Tabaristan. This victory marks the beginning of the dispersion of the local Shi'ites by the new Sunni power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 977, "year_label": "977 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Sabuktigin, a Samanid general, succeeds his father-in-law Alp-Tegin as governor of Ghazna (modern Afghanistan). He enlarges his dominions and founds the Ghaznavid Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908323#Arabian_Empire", "title": "977", "revid": 1341908323, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I, who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran, and India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Asia", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ghazni: Seljuk forces under Ahmad Sanjar (supporting the claim of Bahram-Shah) invade Afghanistan and defeat the ruling Sultan Arslan-Shah. Bahram succeeds his brother as ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "1210–1211 – Shazi creates the Pen Box, from Persia (Iran) or Afghanistan (it is now kept at Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Art_and_Culture", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Culture"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Genghis Khan dispatches a Mongolian army (some 20,000 cavalry) under Jebe, to deal with the Qara Khitai (or Western Liao) threat. Meanwhile, he sends Subutai with another army on a simultaneous campaign against the Merkits. Jebe defeats a force of 30,000 men led by Prince Kuchlug at the Khitan capital Balasagun. Kuchlug flees south to modern Afghanistan, but is captured by hunters – who hands him over to the Mongols. After Kuchlug is beheaded and paraded through the cities of his new domains, Genghis annexes the entire Khitai empire under Mongol rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan capture and dismantle Alamut Castle (near the Masoudabad region) after the surrender of the Nizari Ismaili leaders. Hulagu founds the Ilkhanate dynasty of Persia, which becomes one of the four main divisions of the Mongol Empire. The Nizari Ismaili government is disestablished; some of them migrate to Afghanistan, Badakhshan and Sindh (modern Pakistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Rabban Bar Sauma, Chinese Nestorian monk, embarks on a pilgrimage from China to Jerusalem. He travels to Hotan, Kashgar, Taraz and Khorasan (modern Afghanistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#Religion", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – (Muharram 783 AH) In what is now Afghanistan, the Siege of Herat by the Mongol conqueror Timur ends with the Persian city surrendering to the Mongols, in return for the populace being spared.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#April–June", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – At Herat, Ulugh Beg (born Mirza Muhammad Taraghay) becomes the new ruler of the Timurid Empire upon the death of his father Sharukh Mirza, who had reigned for 42 years. The Empire is in decline but still controls most of what is now Afghanistan as well as parts of Iraq and Pakistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#January–March", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Kasur established as a city by the Kheshgi tribe of Pashtuns from Kabul who migrate to the region in 1525 from Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#Date_unknown", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – In Qazvin, the Shah of Iran Tahmasp I, becomes enraged with the sexual orientation of his son Ismail II, and sends Ismail to Afghanistan to serve as the Iranian governor of Herat province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#April–June", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Battle of Gulnabad in Persia: The Pashtun people of Afghanistan, led by Mahmud Hotak, decisively defeat forces of the Persian Safavid dynasty, precipitating its fall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#January–March", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1724, "year_label": "1724 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Shah Mahmud Hotaki of Afghanistan goes insane.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372325153#Date_unknown", "title": "1724", "revid": 1372325153, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Herat Campaign: General Nader Shah of Persia (now Iran) suppresses the rebellion by Zulfiqar Khan in the city of Herat in what is now Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#January–March", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1747, "year_label": "1747 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Ahmad Shah Durrani establishes the Durrani Empire after being elected by Pashtun chieftains in a jirga at Naderabad, laying the foundation for modern Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372981647#July–September", "title": "1747", "revid": 1372981647, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1752, "year_label": "1752 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – The Kingdom of Afghanistan, under the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani, recaptures the city of Lahore four years after its capture by the Sikhs of Punjab.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362993688#April–June", "title": "1752", "revid": 1362993688, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Karim Khan Zand, the King of Persia (now Iran) recaptures the city of Shiraz from Afghan warlord Azad Khan Afghan, who had taken control of much of central Iran since 1749.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#October–December", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – First Anglo-Afghan War: British and Presidency armies set out from Punjab in support of Shah Shujah Durrani's claim to the throne of Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#October–December", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – First Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Ghazni – British forces capture the fortress city of Ghazni in Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#July–September", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – First Anglo-Afghan War: At a meeting with the Afghan general Akbar Khan, British diplomat Sir William Hay Macnaghten is shot dead at close quarters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#October–December", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1842, "year_label": "1842 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6–13 – First Anglo-Afghan War – Massacre of Elphinstone's army (Battle of Gandamak): British East India Company troops are destroyed by Afghan forces on the road from Kabul to Jalalabad, Afghanistan, by Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammad Khan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365455258#January–March", "title": "1842", "revid": 1365455258, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#January", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – The Durand Line is established as the boundary between British India and Afghanistan, by a memorandum of understanding signed by Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary of British India, and Abdur Rahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#November", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#September–October", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#February", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#July", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – A gasoline (petrol) tanker explodes in the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan, killing at least 176 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#November", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – In the Geneva Accords, the Soviet Union commits itself to withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#April", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – Taliban forces retake the strategic Bagram Air Base, solidifying their buffer zone around Kabul, Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#December", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – A 6.5 magnitude earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#May", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – The 2011 Guantanamo Bay files leak occurs, WikiLeaks and other organisations publishing 779 classified documents about Guantanamo Bay detainees, and it had been exposed 150 innocent citizens from Afghanistan and Pakistan were held in the camp without trial and detainees being as young as 14 years old.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#April", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – A magnitude 7.5 earthquake strikes the Hindu Kush region and causes 398 deaths, with 279 in Pakistan, 115 in Afghanistan and 4 in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#October", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – A United States airstrike on a Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) hospital in Afghanistan kills an estimated 20 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#October", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – 30 Afghan nut farmers are killed and 40 injured in a U.S. drone attack in Nangarhar Province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#September", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 29", "text": "February 29 – A conditional peace agreement is signed between the United States and the Taliban. The U.S. begins gradually withdrawing combat troops from Afghanistan on March 10.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#February", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – Gunmen storm a maternity hospital and kill 24 people, including two newborn babies, in Dashte Barchi, a majority-Shia neighborhood of Kabul, Afghanistan. In a separate incident in Kuz Kunar, 32 people are killed at a funeral by a suicide bomber.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#May", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – A series of earthquakes occur in Herat Province in Afghanistan, killing over 1,000 people and injuring nearly 2,000, with tremors felt in Iran and Turkmenistan. The earthquakes are the deadliest in the country since 1998.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#October", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – A multi-vehicle collision involving a bus carrying migrants deported from Iran, a motorcycle and a truck kills at least 79 people in Herat Province, Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#August", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – An earthquake in eastern Afghanistan kills over 2,200 people and injures 3,500.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#August", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – A powerful 6.3 earthquake shakes the provinces of Balkh and Samangan in Afghanistan, causing 31 deaths and 956 injuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}]}