{"slug": "agriculture", "label": "Agriculture", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451", "qid": "Q11451", "description": "practice of cultivating plants and raising animals to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products; one of humanity's oldest and most widespread activities, forming the foundation of most human civilizations", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [406, 1173], "span_label": ["406 CE", "1173 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "emperor-wen-of-sui", "label": "Emperor Wen of Sui", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anastasius-i-dicorus", "label": "Anastasius I Dicorus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arabian-peninsula", "label": "Arabian Peninsula", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "beirut", "label": "Beirut", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "october", "label": "October", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "slavs", "label": "Slavs", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 406, "year_label": "406 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Cultivation of rye, oats, hops, and spelt (a wheat used for livestock feed) is introduced in Europe by the native Vandals, Alans, and Sciri, who also introduce a heavy wheeled plow to be used for farming.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305888876#Agriculture", "title": "406", "revid": 1305888876, "section": "Events › By topic › Agriculture"}}, {"year": 500, "year_label": "500 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Anastasius I concludes treaties with a number of nomad tribes in northern Arabia. In return for tribute to the Byzantine Empire and military defense of these eastern territories, such tribes are permitted to settle and farm agricultural lands in Arabia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361340160#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 500", "revid": 1361340160, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Wéndi reduces taxes, due to an overflowing abundance of food and silk in the governmental stores. He sends messengers around central China, redistributing land to give the poor farming land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Asia", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 601, "year_label": "601 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Food production increases in northern and Western Europe as a result of agricultural technology introduced by the Slavs, who employ a lightweight plow with a knife blade (coulter), that cuts deep into the soil at grassroots level, together with a shaped board, or \"moldboard\", that moves the cut soil to one side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903478#Agriculture", "title": "601", "revid": 1364903478, "section": "Events › By topic › Agriculture"}}, {"year": 603, "year_label": "603 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wéndi stabilises the Chinese Empire; the agricultural acreage increases greatly, and shipbuilding technology reaches a new high level.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752956#Asia", "title": "603", "revid": 1364752956, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, governor of Mesopotamia, dies at Wasit (Iraq) after a 20-year administration. He is credited for improving agricultural production and introducing the diacritic points to the Arabic script. Al-Hajjaj convinces Al-Walid I to adopt an Arab currency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Arabian_Empire", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 732, "year_label": "732 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – The Frankish army crosses the Vienne River and establishes a camp at or around the partially abandoned Roman mansion or agricultural settlement, now known as 'Vieux-Poitiers' (near Châtellerault), perhaps using the Roman theatre with its substantial towers as a fortification. Charles Martel forms a defensive position across the Roman road, and fends off Muslim skirmishes during the 'seven days' stand-off, probably involving scouts, and perhaps raiders from both armies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808703#Europe", "title": "732", "revid": 1340808703, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – The Crusaders march past Tripoli, accompanied by guides provided by the emir who lead them safely through the towns of Batroun and Byblos. On May 19 they cross the Dog River north of Beirut into Fatimid territory. There local governors supply the Crusaders with tribute and food in return for no damage to the agricultural area. The Fatimids keep no large troops in the north, except for small garrisons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#First_Crusade", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – King Béla III of Hungary invites Cistercian and Premonstratensian monks to Hungary. They introduce advanced agricultural methods in the realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Agriculture", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By topic › Agriculture"}}]}