{"slug": "al-kamil", "label": "Al-Kamil", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kamil", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q293464", "qid": "Q293464", "description": "Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt from 1218 to 1238", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1200, 1238], "span_label": ["1200 CE", "1238 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cairo", "label": "Cairo", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "nile", "label": "Nile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "damietta", "label": "Damietta", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-of-brienne", "label": "John of Brienne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "february", "label": "February", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crusader-states", "label": "Crusader states", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "upper-mesopotamia", "label": "Upper Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1200, "year_label": "1200 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – Al-Adil I, Ayyubid ruler of Damascus, Jerusalem, and parts of the Jazira takes control of Egypt, and is recognized as sultan of the Ayyubid Empire. During his reign, he promotes trade and good relations with the Crusader States. His son Al-Kamil becomes the effective ruler (viceroy) of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354902191#Levant", "title": "1200", "revid": 1354902191, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – A Crusader expeditionary force, (some 30,000 men) under King John I of Jerusalem, embarks at Acre (supported by Frisian ships), and sails for Egypt. They arrive at the harbour of Damietta, on the right bank of the Nile, on May 27. Sultan Al-Adil, surprised by the invasion, recruits an army in Syria, while his son Al-Kamil marches an Egyptian force northwards from Cairo, and encamps at Al-Adiliya, a few miles south of Damietta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1219, "year_label": "1219 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February – Pelagius orders the Crusader army to prepare an attack against the Egyptians but is unsuccessful because of the weather and strength of the defenders. Sultan Al-Kamil, in command of the Egyptian forces, is almost overthrown by a conspiracy in his entourage. He considers fleeing to the Ayyubid Emirate of Yemen, ruled by his son Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, but the arrival of his brother Al-Mu'azzam, with reinforcements from Syria, ends the conspiracy. On hearing the news that Al-Kamil and his army is retreating to Cairo, the Crusaders march to Al-Adiliya. After driving back an assault from the garrison of Damietta they occupy the town on February 5.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345005371#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1219", "revid": 1345005371, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Crusaders, led by the Knights Hospitaller, raid Burlus, located in the Nile Delta in Egypt. The town is pillaged, but the knights are ambushed on their return, and several Hospitallers, including Grand Master Guérin de Montaigu, are captured. Meanwhile, Sultan Al-Kamil sends an Egyptian squadron down the Rosetta branch of the Nile. It sails to Cyprus, where it finds a Crusader fleet lying off Limassol. During the attack, they sink and capture all the ships, taking many thousands of prisoners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1221, "year_label": "1221 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Sultan Al-Kamil again offers peace terms to Cardinal Pelagius with the cession of Jerusalem and all Palestine apart from Oultrejordain, together with a 30 years' truce and money compensation for the dismantling of Jerusalem. Meanwhile, a German contingent under Louis I of Bavaria arrives at Damietta, with orders from Frederick II not to launch an attack on Cairo until the emperor's arrival. Louis and Pelagius decide to advance into Egypt towards Mansoura, where Al-Kamil has built a fortress to protect Cairo. The Crusaders assemble their armies and tents are set up just up the Nile, on June 29.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363300593#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1221", "revid": 1363300593, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – Al-Mu'azzam Isa, Ayyubid ruler of Damascus, dies after a 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his 21-year-old son, An-Nasir Dawud, who faces opposition from his uncle, Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Levant", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Frederick II receives an embassy of Egypt's Sultan Al-Kamil, including Fakhr al-Din ibn as-Shaikh, at the Hospitaller camp at Recordane, near Acre. Meanwhile, Al-Kamil is engaged in suppressing a rebellion in Syria and has concentrated his forces on a siege at Damascus. Frederick is pressed for time, because his army is not large enough for a major campaign. Al-Kamil, who has full control of Jerusalem, starts diplomatic negotiations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Sixth_Crusade", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Sixth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1229, "year_label": "1229 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Treaty of Jaffa: Emperor Frederick II signs a 10-year truce together with Sultan Al-Kamil and his representatives; he manages to regain many parts of the Holy Land through political negotiation, rather than by resorting to military force or directly confronting the Muslim army. Frederick's achievements, including the control of Jerusalem (without the Temple Mount) and Bethlehem, with a corridor running through Lydda to the sea of Jaffa, as well as Nazareth and western Galilee, including Montfort Castle and Toron, and the remaining Muslim districts around Sidon. All Muslims are to be allowed the right of entry in Jerusalem and freedom of worship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488290#Sixth_Crusade", "title": "1229", "revid": 1367488290, "section": "Events › By place › Sixth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1237, "year_label": "1237 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Al-Ashraf becomes dangerously ill and dies after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother As-Salih Ismail – who defends Damascus against his elder brother Al-Kamil, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt. In October, Ismail has the suburbs burnt to prevent the Egyptian forces from shelter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300110077#Levant", "title": "1237", "revid": 1300110077, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Al-Kamil, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, dies at Damascus and is succeeded by his 18-year-old son Al-Adil II. After Al-Kamil's death, a civil war breaks out, and his elder son As-Salih Ayyub, sets out from Damascus to invade Egypt. But a sudden coup d'état dethrones him in favour of his uncle, As-Salih Ismail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Middle_East", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}]}