{"slug": "alabama", "label": "Alabama", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173", "qid": "Q173", "description": "state of the United States of America", "entries": 18, "years": 18, "span": [1540, 2022], "span_label": ["1540 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mississippi", "label": "Mississippi", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "louisiana", "label": "Louisiana", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "february", "label": "February", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "florida", "label": "Florida", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "u-s-state", "label": "U.S. state", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "supreme-court-of-the-united-states", "label": "Supreme Court of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "georgia-u-s-state", "label": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tennessee", "label": "Tennessee", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "andrew-jackson", "label": "Andrew Jackson", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "war-of-1812", "label": "War of 1812", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – An expedition led by Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto destroys the fortified village of Mabila in modern-day Alabama, killing paramount chief Tuskaloosa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#October–December", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February", "text": "February – French settlers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile (Alabama), by parading a large papier-mache ox head on a cart (the first Mardi Gras parade in America).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#January–March", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19 – Burr conspiracy: In Alabama, former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is tried for conspiracy, but acquitted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#January–March", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Creek War – Fort Mims massacre: A force of Creeks, belonging to the Red Sticks faction, kills hundreds of settlers in Fort Mims, Alabama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357692833#July–September", "title": "1813", "revid": 1357692833, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – War of 1812 – Battle of Horseshoe Bend: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek Indians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#March", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Alabama is admitted as the 22nd U.S. state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#October–December", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) begins operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352223718#January–March", "title": "1830", "revid": 1352223718, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – American Civil War: Lieutenant General Richard Taylor, commanding all Confederate forces in Alabama, Mississippi, and eastern Louisiana, surrenders his forces to Union General Edward Canby at Citronelle, Alabama, effectively ending all Confederate resistance east of the Mississippi River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#May", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – Tuskegee Institute opens in Alabama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369747876#July", "title": "1881", "revid": 1369747876, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#February", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21–22 – 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes in the United States kills more than 220 people in Alabama, 34 in Georgia and 17 in Tennessee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#March", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – A devastating tornado outbreak in Mississippi and Alabama kills 45 people and injures 427 others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#February", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17–21 – The 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane in southeastern Florida, and also in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana causes widespread damage, and kills 50 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#September", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order, after race riots break out.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#May", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in United States v. Paradise that affirmative action is lawful if the organization in question has a history of pervasive racial discrimination in hiring practices; in this case, police departments in the state of Alabama. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. rules that the government is \"justified by a compelling governmental interest in eradicating the Department's pervasive, systematic, and obstinate discriminatory exclusion of blacks.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#February", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Severe weather spawns eight tornadoes across southern Mississippi and southwest Alabama, including an EF4 tornado which struck the city of Hattiesburg, Mississippi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#February", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – Hurricane Sally makes landfall on the Alabama coast as a high-end Category 2 hurricane, causing over $8 billion in damages and killing 8 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#September", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – July 17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#July", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › July"}}]}