{"slug": "alans", "label": "Alans", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alans", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178054", "qid": "Q178054", "description": "an ancient Iranian people", "entries": 44, "years": 42, "span": [75, 1238], "span_label": ["75 CE", "1238 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 23}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Births", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "vandals", "label": "Vandals", "shared": 16}, {"slug": "huns", "label": "Huns", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "goths", "label": "Goths", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "genseric", "label": "Genseric", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ostrogoths", "label": "Ostrogoths", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hispania-baetica", "label": "Hispania Baetica", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lusitania", "label": "Lusitania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "germanic-peoples", "label": "Germanic peoples", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 75, "year_label": "75 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Vespasian fortifies Armazi (Georgia) for the Iberian king Mithridates I. The Alans raid the Roman frontier in Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364745397#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 75", "revid": 1364745397, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 105, "year_label": "105 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pacorus II of Parthia dies after a 27-year reign, in which he has reclaimed all of his empire. His successor Vologases III reigns until 147 AD, suppressing brief rebellions, as he battles against the Kushan and Alani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188807#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 105", "revid": 1371188807, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 134, "year_label": "134 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arrianus, Roman governor of Cappadocia, repulses an attack of the Alani, a nomadic tribe from southeastern Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188678#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 134", "revid": 1371188678, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 135, "year_label": "135 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alans threaten Cappadocia; they are repulsed by Arrian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1285604542#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 135", "revid": 1285604542, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 154, "year_label": "154 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Eupator of Bosphorus pays tribute to Rome, due to the threat posed by the Alani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367880243#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 154", "revid": 1367880243, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 280, "year_label": "280 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Probus drives the Alans off to Asia Minor and suppresses the revolt in Gaul; Proculus is executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495474#Roman_Empire", "title": "280", "revid": 1367495474, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 352, "year_label": "352 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War begins between the Huns and the Alans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279672452#Asia", "title": "352", "revid": 1279672452, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 355, "year_label": "355 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Huns of Central Asia begin their great drive westwards with an advance into Scythia (modern Ukraine). They overcome and absorb the Alans, a nomadic and warlike horse breeding people from the steppes northeast of the Black Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331300399#Asia", "title": "355", "revid": 1331300399, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 357, "year_label": "357 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Alans rout the Hun army in Western Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331328193#Asia", "title": "357", "revid": 1331328193, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 360, "year_label": "360 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns invade the Pontic steppes by the thousands, spreading terror as they take over territories held for generations by Alans, Heruls, Ostrogoths and Visigoths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332419195#Europe", "title": "AD 360", "revid": 1332419195, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 370, "year_label": "370 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns migrate westward from the Volga into Europe and subjugate the Alans and the Ostrogoths. With their arrival, a tradition of composite bows is introduced.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337457472#Europe", "title": "370", "revid": 1337457472, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 372, "year_label": "372 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Athanaric starts building new defensive works to protect his people against the Alans and the Huns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332743719#Europe", "title": "372", "revid": 1332743719, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 373, "year_label": "373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Tanais River: The Huns defeat the Alans near the Don, sending the remnants fleeing westward.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364742164#Europe", "title": "373", "revid": 1364742164, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 376, "year_label": "376 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Greuthungi, led by Alatheus and Saphrax, displaced by the predations of the Huns and Alans, request asylum within the Roman Empire. They are refused. The Roman frontier forces stretched to the breaking point, they slip across the Danube and unite with Fritigern. With their situation critical and desperately short of food, discontent is rising amongst the Goths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204893#Roman_Empire", "title": "376", "revid": 1349204893, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 377, "year_label": "377 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Famine in Lower Moesia (occupied by the Goths) takes a fearsome toll. Fritigern and his followers appeal for help, but the governors Lupicinus and Maximus regard them as second-class citizens. Little help is forthcoming, and thousands starve to death. The pressure on the Roman frontier is still severe, with the Taifali and other hostile bands of Goths on the Danube. In addition, groups of Huns and Alans have also moved up to the river.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313593#Roman_Empire", "title": "377", "revid": 1367313593, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 378, "year_label": "378 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Gratian continues down the Danube to the \"Camp of Mars\" (frontier fortress near modern Niš), where he loses several men in an ambush by a band of Alans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309998773#Roman_Empire", "title": "378", "revid": 1309998773, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 379, "year_label": "379 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gunderic, king of the Vandals and Alans (d. 428)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645183#Births", "title": "379", "revid": 1367645183, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 388, "year_label": "388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Save: Emperor Theodosius I defeats Magnus Maximus near Emona (modern Slovenia). Theodosius is in command of an army including Goths, Huns and Alans. Valentinian II, now 17, is restored as Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321355496#Roman_Empire", "title": "388", "revid": 1321355496, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 389, "year_label": "389 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Geiseric, king of the Vandals and Alans (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280219376#Births", "title": "389", "revid": 1280219376, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 400, "year_label": "400 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Aspar, Alan patrician and general (magister militum) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347571639#Births", "title": "400", "revid": 1347571639, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 405, "year_label": "405 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War of Radagaisus: King Radagaisus leads an invasion with a force of 20,000 men and crosses the Alps. He spends the winter in the Po Valley and is observed by Stilicho, who lacks sufficient strength to prepare an offensive against the invading German tribes. The exact numbers of the migration are unknown, probably nearly 100,000, including Alans, Burgundians, Goths, Vandals, and other smaller tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640804#Roman_Empire", "title": "405", "revid": 1367640804, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 409, "year_label": "409 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – The Vandals, led by King Gunderic, cross the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula. They receive land from the Romans, as foederati, in Baetica (Southern Spain). The Alans occupy lands in Lusitania and the Suebi control parts of Gallaecia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641120#Roman_Empire", "title": "409", "revid": 1367641120, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 411, "year_label": "411 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Alans establish their rule in the Roman province of Lusitania (Portugal south of the Duero River and Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645014#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 411", "revid": 1367645014, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 426, "year_label": "426 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Rex Flavius Gundericus of the Vandals accepts the request of the Alans in Hispania to become their ruler (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300994457#Europe", "title": "426", "revid": 1300994457, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Gunderic, age 49, dies after a reign of 21 years, and is succeeded by his half-brother Genseric. He is styled with the title Rex Wandalorum et Alanorum (\"King of the Vandals and Alans\"). Genseric increases his power and wealth in the residence of the province of Hispania Baetica (Southern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Europe", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gunderic, king of the Vandals and Alans (b. 379)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Deaths", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 429, "year_label": "429 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Vandals, led by Genseric (\"Caesar King\"), invade North Africa. They land with a force of 80,000 men including Alans, and Germanic tribesmen with their families from the Iberian Peninsula, across the narrow Strait of Gibraltar. The Vandal fleet raids the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, and blockades the grain and oil supply to Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333669155#Roman_Empire", "title": "429", "revid": 1333669155, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Vandal fleet and their allies (Alans, Goths and Moors) set out from Carthage for Sicily, the principal supplier of oil and grain to Italy after the loss of North Africa. They loot all the coastal towns and besiege Palermo. Heavily laden ships return to the court of King Genseric.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Africa", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 441, "year_label": "441 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second Revolt of Bagaudae in Armorica under leading of Eudoxius is knocked down by the Alans. Eudoxius fled to the Huns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339010572#Europe", "title": "441", "revid": 1339010572, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 444, "year_label": "444 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), settles the Alans around Valence and Orléans, to contain unrest in Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289774779#Europe", "title": "444", "revid": 1289774779, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 454, "year_label": "454 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Emperor Valentinian III stabs his commander-in-chief Flavius Aetius to death, during a meeting of the imperial council at Ravenna. He has accused Aetius of plotting against him to seize power. After his assassination, the Western Roman Empire has no effective defender against its hostile barbarian neighbors (Alans, Franks, Ostrogoths, Vandals and Visigoths).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747737#Roman_Empire", "title": "454", "revid": 1364747737, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 460, "year_label": "460 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Majorian gathers an expeditionary force (Alans and other barbarians) in Liguria, and enters Aquitaine after a long march, where he visits King Theodoric II at Toulouse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598361#Roman_Empire", "title": "460", "revid": 1360598361, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 460, "year_label": "460 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hilderic, king of the Vandals and Alans (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598361#Births", "title": "460", "revid": 1360598361, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 471, "year_label": "471 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aspar, Alan patrician and general (magister militum)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365043260#Deaths", "title": "471", "revid": 1365043260, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 477, "year_label": "477 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Genseric, king of the Vandals and Alans", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739274#Deaths", "title": "477", "revid": 1364739274, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 480, "year_label": "480 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gelimer, king of the Vandals and Alans (d. 553)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739995#Births", "title": "480", "revid": 1364739995, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 496, "year_label": "496 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gunthamund, king of the Vandals and Alans", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364740340#Deaths", "title": "496", "revid": 1364740340, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 523, "year_label": "523 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Hilderic succeeds his uncle Thrasamund after a 27-year reign, and becomes king of the Vandals and Alans. He favours Catholicism and grants the inhabitants religious freedom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792003#Africa", "title": "523", "revid": 1340792003, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 533, "year_label": "533 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hilderic, king of the Vandals and Alans", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793764#Deaths", "title": "533", "revid": 1340793764, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 553, "year_label": "553 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gelimer, king of the Vandals and Alans (b. 480)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072897#Deaths", "title": "553", "revid": 1267072897, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Polovtsian army assembles on the Terek River lowlands and are joined by Alan, Circassian, and Don Kipchak/Cuman forces. The Mongol army crosses the Caucasus Mountains, but is trapped in the narrow mountain passes. The Mongol generals Subutai and Jebe (the Arrow) send an embassy to the Polovtsians and convince them to break their alliance with the Caucasian peoples. The Mongol cavalry invades the Caucasus region and devastates the local villages, seizing slaves, cattle and horses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › Other events, by place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bolnisi: Khwarazmian forces led by Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat a coalition of Georgians, Kipchaks, Alans, Vainakhs and Laks (some 40,000 men) at Bolnisi (modern Georgia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Asia", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Siege of Bilär: The Mongols under Batu Khan capture the capital city of Bilär after a siege that lasts for 45 days. The Volga Bulgars are defeated within the year, as are the Kipchaks and Alans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Mongols under Batu Khan retire, leaving behind the ruined northern Rus' territories. He spends the rest of the year suppressing the last resistance of the Kipchaks, while his cousin Möngke (son of Tolui Khan) conquer the Alans and the northern Caucasian tribes. Later, Möngke makes a raid of reconnaissance as far as Kiev.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}]}