{"slug": "alcibiades", "label": "Alcibiades", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcibiades", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187982", "qid": "Q187982", "description": "Athenian statesman", "entries": 22, "years": 19, "span": [-449, -403], "span_label": ["450 BCE", "404 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "argos-peloponnese", "label": "Argos, Peloponnese", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "boeotia", "label": "Boeotia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nicias", "label": "Nicias", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "thrasybulus", "label": "Thrasybulus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "samos", "label": "Samos", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "socrates", "label": "Socrates", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pharnabazus-5th-century-bc", "label": "Pharnabazus (5th century BC)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "strategos", "label": "Strategos", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -449, "year_label": "450 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician (d. 404 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172732#Births", "title": "450 BC", "revid": 1354172732, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -445, "year_label": "446 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Cleinias, a close relative of Roman politician and military commander Alcibiades. (approximate year) (b. disputed)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372038982#Deaths", "title": "446 BC", "revid": 1372038982, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -423, "year_label": "424 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demosthenes and Hippocrates attempt to capture Megara, but they are defeated by the Spartans under their general Brasidas. Demosthenes then marches to Naupactus to assist in a democratic revolution, and to gather troops for an invasion of Boeotia. However, Demosthenes and Hippocrates are unable to coordinate their attacks and Hippocrates is defeated at the Battle of Delium by Pagondas of Thebes. During the battle, Socrates is said to have saved the life of Alcibiades. Demosthenes attacks Sicyon and is defeated as well.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1231841566#Greece", "title": "424 BC", "revid": 1231841566, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -421, "year_label": "422 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades takes over the leadership of the pro-war party in Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481674#Greece", "title": "422 BC", "revid": 1370481674, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -420, "year_label": "421 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades engineers an anti-Spartan alliance between Athens and the democracies of Argos, Mantinea and Elis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172919#Greece", "title": "421 BC", "revid": 1354172919, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -419, "year_label": "420 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The young and popular Alcibiades is elected \"Strategos\" (one of a board of ten generals) and begins to dominate Athenian life and politics. A Quadruple Alliance of Athens, Argos, Mantineia and Elis, which has been organised by Alcibiades (in opposition to Nicias) confronts a Spartan-Boeotian alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360316147#Greece", "title": "420 BC", "revid": 1360316147, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -417, "year_label": "418 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Mantinea is the largest land battle of the Peloponnesian War (with as many as 10,000 troops on each side). Sparta under King Agis II has a major victory over Argos (and its allies Athens, Ellis and Mantinea), which has broken its treaty with Sparta's King Agis II at the insistence of Alcibiades. Agis II's major victory makes amends with the Spartans for his earlier truce with Argos. The commander of the Athenian forces, Laches, is killed in the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221749718#Greece", "title": "418 BC", "revid": 1221749718, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -416, "year_label": "417 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second battle of Hysiae is fought between the armies of Sparta and Argos during the Peloponnesian War. The Spartan King Agis II was seeking to restore the pro-Spartan faction evicted from Argos by Alcibiades. While he failed to take the city of Argos, he did capture and subsequently destroy the town of Hysiae, killing all its male inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1237771460#Greece", "title": "417 BC", "revid": 1237771460, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -416, "year_label": "417 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the loss by Athens and its allies in the Battle of Mantinea, a political \"tug of war\" takes place in Athens. Alcibiades joins forces with Nicias against Hyperbolus, the successor of the demagogue politician Cleon as champion of the common people. Hyperbolus tries to bring about the ostracism of either Nicias or Alcibiades, but the two men combine their influence and induce the Athenian people to expel Hyperbolus instead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1237771460#Greece", "title": "417 BC", "revid": 1237771460, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -415, "year_label": "416 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With the encouragement of Alcibiades, the Athenians take the island of Melos (which has remained neutral during the Peloponnesian War). Its inhabitants are treated with great cruelty by the Athenians, with captured adult men being killed and the women and children made slaves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292484682#Greece", "title": "416 BC", "revid": 1292484682, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -415, "year_label": "416 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Agathon along with Alcibiades and Socrates and Aristophanes and others attend a symposium described by Plato.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292484682#Drama", "title": "416 BC", "revid": 1292484682, "section": "Events › By topic › Drama"}}, {"year": -414, "year_label": "415 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Athenian orator and politician, Andocides is imprisoned on suspicion of having taken part in the mutilation of the sacred busts called \"Hermae\" shortly before the departure of Athens' military expedition to Sicily. These mutilations cause a general panic, and Andocides is induced to turn informer. Andocides' testimony is accepted, and those whom he implicates, including Alcibiades, are condemned to death. Andocides is sent into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115968#Greece", "title": "415 BC", "revid": 1300115968, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -412, "year_label": "413 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tissaphernes, the Persian satrap of Lydia and Caria, forms an alliance with Sparta. The Spartans, with strategic advice from Alcibiades and limited assistance from the Persians under Pharnabazus, advance almost to the gates of Athens. King Agis II leads the Spartan force that occupies Decelea in Attica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353493943#Greece", "title": "413 BC", "revid": 1353493943, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -411, "year_label": "412 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades helps stir up revolts amongst Athens' allies in Ionia, on the west coast of Asia Minor. However, Alcibiades loses the confidence of the Spartans and antagonises their king Agis II. As a result, he flees to the court of the Persian satrap Tissaphernes. Alcibiades advises Tissaphernes to withdraw his support from Sparta while conspiring with the oligarchic party in Athens, as Sparta's allied cities break away in a series of revolts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1173807294#Greece", "title": "412 BC", "revid": 1173807294, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -410, "year_label": "411 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian navy under Thrasybulus recalls Alcibiades from Sardis. Alcibiades' election is confirmed by the Athenians at the request of Theramenes. A Spartan fleet in the Hellespont at Cynossema is then defeated by an Athenian fleet commanded by Thrasybulus and Alcibiades.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210116731#Greece", "title": "411 BC", "revid": 1210116731, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -409, "year_label": "410 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Commanding 20 ships, the Athenian generals Theramenes and Thrasybulus collaborate with Alcibiades and the main Athenian fleet in inflicting a major defeat on the Spartan navy commanded by Mindarus and its supporting Persian land army near Cyzicus on the shore of the Propontis (Sea of Marmara). As a result of its victory in the Battle of Cyzicus, Athens regains control over the vital grain route from the Black Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239404382#Greece", "title": "410 BC", "revid": 1239404382, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -408, "year_label": "409 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades recaptures Byzantium, ending the city's rebellion from Athens. This action completes Athenian control of the Bosporus which secures the Athenian supply route for grain from the Bosporan Kingdom in the Black Sea region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353486457#Greece", "title": "409 BC", "revid": 1353486457, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -407, "year_label": "408 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades enters Athens in triumph after an absence of 7 years. He leads the religious procession from Athens to Eleusis, thus atoning for his alleged impiety in 415 BC when he was held to have joined in profaning the Sacred Mysteries. Alcibiades is appointed commander-in-chief with autocratic powers and leaves for Samos to rejoin his fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303241146#Greece", "title": "408 BC", "revid": 1303241146, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -406, "year_label": "407 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan admiral Lysander refuses to be lured out of Ephesus to do battle with Alcibiades. However, while Alcibiades is away seeking supplies, the Athenian squadron is placed under the command of Antiochus, his helmsman, who is routed by the Spartan fleet (with the help of the Persians under Cyrus) in the Battle of Notium (or Ephesus).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=996490221#Greece", "title": "407 BC", "revid": 996490221, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -405, "year_label": "406 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades is replaced by a board of generals. Athens sends a member of the board, Admiral Conon, to relieve the siege of Mytilene. To defend Lesbos, Conon is forced to move his numerically inferior fleet from Samos to the Hekatonnesi islands near Methymna. When Callicratidas attacks him, Conon is forced back to Mytilene, where he is blockaded by Callicratidas' Spartan fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350128825#Greece", "title": "406 BC", "revid": 1350128825, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -403, "year_label": "404 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emerging after the Spartan victory at Aegospotami, the former Athenian leader, Alcibiades, takes refuge in Phrygia in northwestern Asia Minor with the Persian satrap, Pharnabazus, and seeks their assistance for the Athenians. The Spartans discover his plans and arrange with Pharnabazus to have him assassinated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369378724#Greece", "title": "404 BC", "revid": 1369378724, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -403, "year_label": "404 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades, Athenian statesman (b. c. 450 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369378724#Deaths", "title": "404 BC", "revid": 1369378724, "section": "Deaths"}}]}