{"slug": "alexander-farnese-duke-of-parma", "label": "Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese%2C_Duke_of_Parma", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312903", "qid": "Q312903", "description": "duke of Parma and Piacenza, lived (1545-1592); duke of Castro, man of government and military in the service of Spain", "entries": 12, "years": 8, "span": [1578, 1591], "span_label": ["1578 CE", "1591 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "spanish-netherlands", "label": "Spanish Netherlands", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-iv-of-france", "label": "Henry IV of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "brussels", "label": "Brussels", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ghent", "label": "Ghent", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – Battle of Gembloux: Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch; Farnese begins to recover control of the French-speaking Southern Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#January–March", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Alessandro Farnese succeeds his uncle, Don John, as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#October–December", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The Union of Arras unites the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#January–March", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – The Siege of Maastricht, a center of the Dutch resistance to Spanish rule, is started in the Netherlands by Spanish troops under the command of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma. The siege will last almost four months before Maastricht falls on July 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#January–March", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Spanish troops under the command of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma overwhelm a combined army of Dutch, French and English soldiers at the Battle of Steenbergen in the modern-day Netherlands. The multinational force sustains 3,200 people killed or wounded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#April–June", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Jan van Hembyze becomes the last leader of the Calvinist Republic of Ghent after a coup d'etat against the ruling Count of Flanders. Hembyze's action leads days later to the siege of Ghent by Spanish General Alexander Farnese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#October–December", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – In what is now Belgium, the Calvinist Republic of Ghent comes to an end after seven years when its capital, Ghent, falls following a siege of 13 months. Jan van Hembyze, leader of the republic since October 1583, surrenders the city to Alexander Farnese, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#July–September", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – The Spanish Army, commanded by Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, obtains the surrender of Brussels after a siege that began the year before.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#January–March", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1588, "year_label": "1588 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – The Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Spanish Armada, decides to return the fleet to Spain after two days of trying to reach the coast of Flanders to meet up with the army of the Duke of Parma.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362479687#July–September", "title": "1588", "revid": 1362479687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – King Henry of Navarre, claimant to the throne of France, begins an unsuccessful attempt to besiege Paris, at the time controlled by the Catholic League. By August 30, Henry is forced to raise the siege, when Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma comes to its rescue with a Spanish army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#April–June", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to lift the siege of Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#July–September", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Siege of Knodsenburg: Dutch Republic stadtholder Maurice of Nassau and English General Francis Vere defeat the Duke of Parma outside Nijmegen after a four-day siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#July–September", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}