{"slug": "alexander-the-great", "label": "Alexander the Great", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8409", "qid": "Q8409", "description": "king of Macedonia and conqueror of Achaemenid Persia (356–323 BC)", "entries": 68, "years": 52, "span": [-399, 216], "span_label": ["400 BCE", "216 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 22}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 15}, {"title": "Births", "count": 12}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "macedon", "label": "Macedon", "shared": 19}, {"slug": "olympias", "label": "Olympias", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "cassander", "label": "Cassander", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-macedon", "label": "Philip II of Macedon", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "ptolemy-i-soter", "label": "Ptolemy I Soter", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "seleucus-i-nicator", "label": "Seleucus I Nicator", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "antigonus-i-monophthalmus", "label": "Antigonus I Monophthalmus", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "babylon", "label": "Babylon", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "epirus", "label": "Epirus", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Parmenion, Macedonian general under Alexander the Great (d. 330 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#Births", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -381, "year_label": "382 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Antigonus I Monophthalmus (d. 301 BC), Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and king of Macedon 306-301", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363328792#Births", "title": "382 BC", "revid": 1363328792, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -375, "year_label": "376 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Olympias, wife of king Philip II of Macedon and mother of Alexander the Great (d. 316 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121209#Births", "title": "376 BC", "revid": 1305121209, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -374, "year_label": "375 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Cleitus the Black, Macedonian general of Alexander the Great (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240743#Births", "title": "375 BC", "revid": 1242240743, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -362, "year_label": "363 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Barsine, mistress of Alexander the Great", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837770#Births", "title": "363 BC", "revid": 1267837770, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -358, "year_label": "359 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Philip III of Macedon, brother and successor of Alexander the Great (approximate date) (d. 317 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296027918#Births", "title": "359 BC", "revid": 1296027918, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -357, "year_label": "358 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus I Nicator, Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and founder of the Seleucid dynasty (d. 281 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1135050178#Births", "title": "358 BC", "revid": 1135050178, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -355, "year_label": "356 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20/21 – Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia (d. 323 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343819365#Births", "title": "356 BC", "revid": 1343819365, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -354, "year_label": "355 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Cassander, companion of Alexander the Great, successor king of Macedonia and founder of Antipatrid dynasty (approximate date) (d. c. 297 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343188193#Births", "title": "355 BC", "revid": 1343188193, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -351, "year_label": "352 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Thessalonica, queen of Macedonian dynasty, sister of Alexandrus the Great", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598336#Births", "title": "352 BC", "revid": 1360598336, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -348, "year_label": "349 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sidon is besieged by Persian forces. The Persian Empire reasserted its dominance over Egypt after Nectanebo II was forced to flee following the Persian military campaign under Artaxerxes III. The native Egyptian rule briefly came to an end, and the Persians regained control. This was just a precursor to the later events that would lead to Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt in the early 4th century BCE, ultimately ending Persian rule and ushering in the Hellenistic period.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347309456#Persian_Empire", "title": "349 BC", "revid": 1347309456, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -341, "year_label": "342 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, is invited by Philip II to his capital at Pella to tutor his son, Alexander. As the leading intellectual figure in Greece, Aristotle is commissioned to prepare Alexander for his future role as a military leader. (or 343 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209992354#Macedonia", "title": "342 BC", "revid": 1209992354, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -339, "year_label": "340 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Philip II fails in his siege of Byzantium and is forced to respond to attacks by the Scythians near the mouth of the Danube. His son, Alexander is regent while his father fights against Byzantium and the Scythians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239354213#Greece", "title": "340 BC", "revid": 1239354213, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -337, "year_label": "338 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Philip II of Macedon defeats the Athenians and Thebans in the Battle of Chaeronea in western Boeotia. His son, Alexander, commands the left wing of the Macedonian army during the battle. In victory, Philip II is harsh on Thebes, but merciful on Athens, thanks to the efforts of the Athenian orator and diplomat, Demades, who helps negotiate a peace agreement between Macedonia and Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172728#Macedonia", "title": "338 BC", "revid": 1354172728, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -336, "year_label": "337 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Olympias is put aside by her husband Philip II, following Philip's marriage to a girl named Cleopatra (who is renamed Eurydice). Their son, Alexander, is effectively disowned by Philip's actions. Philip II has Ptolemy, along with other companions of his son, exiled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373385964#Greece", "title": "337 BC", "revid": 1373385964, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -335, "year_label": "336 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following Philip II of Macedon's marriage to Eurydice, Alexander and his mother, Olympias, flee to Epirus, with Alexander later moving to Illyria. However, shortly afterward, father and son are reconciled and Alexander returns; but his position as heir is tenuous.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172867#Macedonia", "title": "336 BC", "revid": 1354172867, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -335, "year_label": "336 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following his assassination, Philip II of Macedon is succeeded by his son Alexander III. Suspecting the princes of the Lynkestis region of killing Phillip II, Alexander executes them all. The League of Corinth promotes Alexander to general of a unified Greek army for its planned invasion of Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172867#Macedonia", "title": "336 BC", "revid": 1354172867, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -334, "year_label": "335 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaims him \"invincible\"), King Alexander III of Macedonia advances into Thrace in order to secure the Danube as the northern boundary of the Macedonian kingdom. After forcing the Shipka Pass and crushing the Triballi, he crosses the Danube to disperse the Getae. Turning west, he then defeats and shatters a coalition of Illyrians who are invading Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=996420033#Greece", "title": "335 BC", "revid": 996420033, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -333, "year_label": "334 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Alexander III of Macedonia crosses the Dardanelles, leaving Antipater, who has already faithfully served his father, Philip II, as his deputy in Greece with over 13,000 men. Alexander himself commands about 30,000 foot soldiers and over 5,000 cavalry, of whom nearly 14,000 are Macedonians and about 7,000 are allies sent by the Greek League.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356615565#Macedonia", "title": "334 BC", "revid": 1356615565, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -332, "year_label": "333 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Alexander of Macedonia conquers western Asia Minor, subduing the hill tribes of Lycia and Pisidia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361013620#Events", "title": "333 BC", "revid": 1361013620, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -331, "year_label": "332 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great occupies Damascus and, after a siege lasting seven months, destroys Tyre during which there is great carnage and the sale of the women and children into slavery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322067290#Macedonia", "title": "332 BC", "revid": 1322067290, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -330, "year_label": "331 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander's regent Antipater leads the Macedonians to victory over King Agis III in the Battle of Megalopolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210205718#Greece", "title": "331 BC", "revid": 1210205718, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -329, "year_label": "330 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Alexander the Great defeats the Persians, led by satrap Ariobarzanes, at the Persian Gates. In this battle, Ariobarzan, supported by only 700 Persian Immortals, holds the vast Macedonian army of 17,000 men at bay for 30 days. At the end, his troops are surrounded by Alexander's army, because of a Persian shepherd, who leads it around the Persian defenses. However, instead of surrendering, Ariobarzan and his 700 Immortals fight to the last man. Some historians consider him to be the Leonidas of Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554346#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "330 BC", "revid": 1326554346, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -328, "year_label": "329 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "From Phrada, Alexander the Great presses on up the valley of the Helmand River, through Arachosia, and over the mountains past the site of modern Kabul into the country of the Paropamisade, where he founds Alexandria by the Caucasus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356261159#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "329 BC", "revid": 1356261159, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -327, "year_label": "328 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spitamenes raises all Sogdiana in revolt behind him, bringing in the Massagetae, a people of the Scythian confederacy. He besieges the Macedonian garrison in Maracanda. Alexander the Great sends an army under the command of Pharnuches of Lycia which is promptly annihilated with a loss of more than 2,000 infantry and 300 cavalry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353522998#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "328 BC", "revid": 1353522998, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -326, "year_label": "327 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great invades northern India. Recrossing the Hindu Kush, Alexander divides his forces. Half the army with the baggage under Hephaestion and Perdiccas, both cavalry commanders, are sent through the Khyber Pass, while Alexander leads the rest, together with his siege train, through the hills to the north. His advance through Swat and Gandhara is marked by the storming of the almost impregnable pinnacle of Aornos, a few miles west of the Indus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1259124608#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "327 BC", "revid": 1259124608, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -326, "year_label": "327 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Heracles, illegitimate son of Alexander the Great by his mistress Barsine, daughter of Satrap Artabazus of Phrygia and later claimant to the throne of Macedon (d. 309 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1259124608#Births", "title": "327 BC", "revid": 1259124608, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -325, "year_label": "326 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Alexander the Great crosses the Indus near Attock and enters ancient Taxila, whose ruler, Taxiles (or Ambhi), furnishes 130 war elephants and troops in return for aid against his rival Porus, who rules the lands between the Hydaspes (modern Jhelum River) and the Acesines (modern Chenab River).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279205798#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "326 BC", "revid": 1279205798, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -325, "year_label": "326 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Coenus, son of Polemocrates and son-in-law of Parmenion and one of Alexander the Great's generals in his Persian and Indian expeditions", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279205798#Deaths", "title": "326 BC", "revid": 1279205798, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -324, "year_label": "325 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great leaves India and nominates his officer Peithon, son of Agenor, as the satrap of the region around the Indus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372590647#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "325 BC", "revid": 1372590647, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -323, "year_label": "324 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great's treasurer, Harpalus, fearing arrest, flees from Susa to Athens. On arriving in Athens, he is imprisoned by the Athenians after a proposal of Demosthenes and Phocion, despite Hypereides' opposition, who wanted an immediate uprising against Alexander. Harpalus brings with him considerable wealth collected from the spoils of Alexander's conquest of Asia. This money is entrusted to a committee led by Demosthenes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242939237#Greece", "title": "324 BC", "revid": 1242939237, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -323, "year_label": "324 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "On returning to Susa, Persia, Alexander the Great punishes those who he considers to have failed in their duties in his absence in India, particularly those who have plundered tombs and temples. Alexander continues his policy of replacing senior officials and executing defaulting governors. Over a third of his satraps are replaced and six are put to death. Three generals in Media, including Cleander, the brother of Coenus (who died in 326 BC), are accused of extortion and are arrested, tried and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242939237#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "324 BC", "revid": 1242939237, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Alexander IV of Macedon, son of Alexander the Great and Roxana (d. 309 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Births", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Meleager, Macedonian general who has served with Alexander the Great", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Deaths", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "10 June/11 June – In Babylon, Alexander the Great dies, ten days after being taken ill after a prolonged banquet and drinking bout. Diogenes, the philosopher he met years before, when he was just about to set out on his conquests, allegedly dies on the exact same day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire died in Babylon (b. 356 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Deaths", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -321, "year_label": "322 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "By custom, kings in Macedonia assert their right to the throne by burying their predecessor. To pre-empt Perdiccas, the imperial regent, Ptolemy has Alexander the Great's body brought to Memphis, Egypt and buried there in a gold sarcophagus. Ptolemy then marries Alexander's mistress, Thaïs and commences to reign as king of Egypt and the adjacent Libyan and Arabian regions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1316405653#Egypt", "title": "322 BC", "revid": 1316405653, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -321, "year_label": "322 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Leonnatus, Macedonian officer under Alexander the Great and one of the diadochi (b. 356 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1316405653#Deaths", "title": "322 BC", "revid": 1316405653, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -320, "year_label": "321 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Perdiccas, Macedonian general and regent after the death of Alexander the Great (b. c. 365 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359962346#Deaths", "title": "321 BC", "revid": 1359962346, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -319, "year_label": "320 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great's various generals control different parts of Alexander's empire. Ptolemy controls Egypt, Seleucus controls Babylon and Syria, Antipater and his son Cassander control Macedon and Greece, Antigonus controls Phrygia and other parts of Asia Minor, Lysimachus controls Thrace and Pergamum and Eumenes controls the Cappadocia and Pontus areas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1166431272#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "320 BC", "revid": 1166431272, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -318, "year_label": "319 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great's widow, Roxana, joins Alexander's mother, Olympias, in Epirus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1222246653#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "319 BC", "revid": 1222246653, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -316, "year_label": "317 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Polyperchon flees to Epirus, where he joins Alexander the Great's mother Olympias, Alexander's widow Roxana, and Alexander's infant son Alexander IV. He forms an alliance with Olympias, who is acting as regent for Alexander IV, and King Aeacides of Epirus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173231#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "317 BC", "revid": 1354173231, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -316, "year_label": "317 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Paraitacene: The first battle of Western armies each with an elephant corps who fight for control over Alexander's empire. The armies of Antigonus and Eumenes fight each other near today's Isfahan in Persia with no clear victor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173231#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "317 BC", "revid": 1354173231, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -315, "year_label": "316 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cassander returns from the Peloponnesus and defeats Macedonia's regent Polyperchon in battle. Cassander blockades Olympias, mother of the late Alexander the Great, in Pydna, where she surrenders. Cassander takes Roxana and her son Alexander IV of Macedon into his custody.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1007737454#Greece", "title": "316 BC", "revid": 1007737454, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -315, "year_label": "316 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Cassander marries Thessaloniki, half-sister of Alexander the Great. He has Alexander's widow, Roxana and son, Alexander IV of Macedon, imprisoned at Amphipolis in Thrace. They are never to be seen alive again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1007737454#Greece", "title": "316 BC", "revid": 1007737454, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -315, "year_label": "316 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Olympias, Epirote princess, wife of Macedonian king Philip II and the mother of Alexander the Great (b. c. 376 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1007737454#Deaths", "title": "316 BC", "revid": 1007737454, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -314, "year_label": "315 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Indian king Porus, ally of Alexander the Great, is killed by Eudemus, another general of Alexander. The son of Porus, Malayketu, seizes his territory back by killing Eudemus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367539376#India", "title": "315 BC", "revid": 1367539376, "section": "Events › India"}}, {"year": -313, "year_label": "314 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antigonus, the ruler of the Asian parts of the late Alexander the Great's empire, faces a coalition consisting of Cassander, the Macedonian regent; Lysimachus, the satrap of Thrace; and Ptolemy, the satrap of Egypt, who have taken the side of the ousted satrap of Babylon, Seleucus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240408#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "314 BC", "revid": 1242240408, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -310, "year_label": "311 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "It is agreed by all parties that the young king Alexander IV of Macedon, son of Alexander the Great, will become king of the whole empire when he comes of age in six years' time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1230109286#Asia_Minor/Syria/Palestina", "title": "311 BC", "revid": 1230109286, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor/Syria/Palestina"}}, {"year": -309, "year_label": "310 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Roxana, Bactrian or Sogdian princess, widow of Alexander the Great", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351686531#Deaths", "title": "310 BC", "revid": 1351686531, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antigonus attempts to renew his alliance with the Macedonian general and former regent Polyperchon, who still controls part of the Peloponnesus. He sends Heracles, the illegitimate son of Alexander the Great, to Polyperchon to be treated as a pretender to the throne of Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Greece", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Cassander, who has held Roxana, widow of Alexander the Great, in prison for a number of years, has her put to death along with her young son Alexander, the nominal King Alexander IV of Macedon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Greece", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Roxana, wife of Alexander the Great, and mother of Alexander IV of Macedon", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Deaths", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Heracles, illegitimate son of Alexander the Great and claimant to the throne of Macedon (b. 327 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Deaths", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus marches east and continues his conquest of the eastern provinces of the Macedonian Empire; the so-called Upper Satrapies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#Mesopotamia/Babylonia", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Events › By place › Mesopotamia/Babylonia"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Cleopatra of Macedon, sister of Alexander the Great and daughter of King Philip II of Macedon and Olympias (b. c. 356 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#Deaths", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -305, "year_label": "306 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "A four-drachma coin, picturing Alexander the Great, is issued by Lysimachos from this time until 281 BC. At least one of them is now preserved at the British Museum in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326553952#Thrace", "title": "306 BC", "revid": 1326553952, "section": "Events › By place › Thrace"}}, {"year": -304, "year_label": "305 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus, former officer of Alexander the Great, considers himself emperor of Persia. He attempts to recover lands taken by Chandragupta that had been a part of Alexander's Empire. Seleucus establishes Seleucia on the Tigris River as his capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1225162735#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "305 BC", "revid": 1225162735, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -300, "year_label": "301 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antigonus I Monophthalmus, Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who founded and became the first king of the Macedonian dynasty of the Antigonids (b. 382 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554911#Deaths", "title": "301 BC", "revid": 1326554911, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -296, "year_label": "297 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy decides to support Pyrrhus of Epirus and restores him to his kingdom. At first, Pyrrhus reigns with a kinsman, Neoptolemus II of Epirus (who is a son of Cleopatra of Macedonia and a nephew of Alexander the Great), but soon he has him assassinated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129350#Greece", "title": "297 BC", "revid": 1350129350, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -296, "year_label": "297 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Cassander of Macedon, one of the diadochoi (\"successors\"), the Macedonian generals who have fought over the empire of Alexander the Great after his death (b. c. 358 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129350#Deaths", "title": "297 BC", "revid": 1350129350, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -281, "year_label": "282 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy I Soter, Macedonian military general who served under Alexander the Great and became ruler of Egypt (born c.367)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1313148199#Deaths", "title": "282 BC", "revid": 1313148199, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -280, "year_label": "281 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Corupedium in Lydia is the last battle of the Diadochi, the rival successors to Alexander the Great. It is fought between the armies of Lysimachus, King of Thrace, Macedonia, Western Anatolia and Seleucus, ruler of Eastern Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Babylonia and Iran. Seleucus kills Lysimachus during the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366700718#Asia_Minor", "title": "281 BC", "revid": 1366700718, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -211, "year_label": "212 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III leaves for a campaign in Asia, where he will reach as far as India and mostly manage to recover the areas conquered earlier by Alexander the Great.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637712#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "212 BC", "revid": 1325637712, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -204, "year_label": "205 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III returns from his eastern campaigns, after having defeated the Bactrians and subjugated the Parthians and thus being able to partly restore Seleucid power in these provinces by crushing the revolting governors of Media, Persia and Anatolia. Having established a system of vassal states in the East, Antiochus now adopts the ancient Achaemenid title of \"great king\", and the Greeks, comparing him to Alexander the Great, surname him \"the Great\", that is to say Antiochus III Megas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853505#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "205 BC", "revid": 1361853505, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great, head from a Hellenistic copy of a statue, possibly after a 4th century BC original by Lysippos is made. It is now kept at the Archeological Museum in Istanbul, Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#Art", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": -47, "year_label": "48 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October", "text": "October – Julius Caesar reaches Alexandria, a city founded by Alexander the Great. He is met by an Egyptian delegation from Ptolemy XIII. The Egyptians offer him gifts: the ring of Pompey and his head.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300612578#Egypt", "title": "48 BC", "revid": 1300612578, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 216, "year_label": "216 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Caracalla provokes a war with Artabanus V (of Parthia) to imitate his idol Alexander the Great. He crosses the Tigris, destroys towns and spoils the tombs of Arbela. The Roman army annexes Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188509#Roman_Empire", "title": "216", "revid": 1371188509, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}]}