{"slug": "alexios-i-komnenos", "label": "Alexios I Komnenos", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41600", "qid": "Q41600", "description": "Byzantine emperor (1048–1118)", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [1078, 1148], "span_label": ["1078 CE", "1148 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tripoli-lebanon", "label": "Tripoli, Lebanon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "raymond-iv-of-toulouse", "label": "Raymond IV of Toulouse", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bithynia", "label": "Bithynia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sultanate-of-rum", "label": "Sultanate of Rum", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "robert-guiscard", "label": "Robert Guiscard", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bohemond-i-of-antioch", "label": "Bohemond I of Antioch", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "principality-of-antioch", "label": "Principality of Antioch", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tancred-of-galilee", "label": "Tancred of Galilee", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1078, "year_label": "1078 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Kalavrye: The imperial forces of General Alexios Komnenos are victorious over the rebellious army (12,000 men) under Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, governor (doux) of the Theme of Dyrrhachium. Bryennios is captured and later blinded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329585949#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1078", "revid": 1329585949, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1081, "year_label": "1081 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Emperor Nikephoros III is forced to abdicate the throne, and retires to the Peribleptos monastery. He is succeeded by Alexios I Komnenos, who is crowned on April 5, as ruler of the Byzantine Empire. His brother-in-law Nikephoros Melissenos supports Alexios as new emperor, in exchange for the title of Caesar (co-emperor), and is appointed as commander of the Byzantine armies in the West.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312347020#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1081", "revid": 1312347020, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1082, "year_label": "1082 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Normans under Duke Robert Guiscard take Dyrrhachium (modern-day Durrës) in Illyria and advance inland, capturing most of Macedonia and Thessaly. Robert is forced to leave Greece to deal with an uprising in Italy. He leaves his son Bohemond in charge of the army, who lays siege to the city of Larissa. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos mobilizes a new army, and with the support of 7,000 Seljuk Turks he clears Thessaly from the Normans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070113#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1082", "revid": 1267070113, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1083, "year_label": "1083 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October", "text": "October – While Robert Guiscard is in Italy, emperor Alexios I Komnenos retakes territory previously lost to the Normans, including the town of Kastoria. Several Normans, including Peter Aliphas, switch sides to the Byzantines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070185#Europe", "title": "1083", "revid": 1267070185, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Battle of Levounion: Emperor Alexios I, supported by his allies, defeats 80,000 of Pechenegs (including women and children) at the Evros River, near Enos (modern Turkey). The Cumans and Byzantine forces fall upon the enemy camp, slaughtering all in their path. The Pechenegs are butchered so savagely, that this people is almost wiped out.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1092, "year_label": "1092 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos bribes one of Kilij Arslan's (sultan of the Sultanate of Rum) officials to recover Sinope (the capital of Paphlagonia), and neighbouring coastal regions. He uses the Byzantine fleet to defeat the Seljuk navy off the coast of Cius in Bithynia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273814679#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1092", "revid": 1273814679, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1094, "year_label": "1094 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General Tatikios to Nicaea, in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of Barkiyaruq's army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. Abu'l-Qasim, Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365267917#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1094", "revid": 1365267917, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1095, "year_label": "1095 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos send envoys to Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza and appeals to the Christian states of Western Europe for military aid against the Seljuk Turks. Urban responds favourably, hoping to heal the Great Schism of 40 years earlier, and to reunite the Catholic Church under papal primacy by helping the Eastern churches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365264485#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1095", "revid": 1365264485, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – The People's Crusade led by Peter the Hermit arrives at Constantinople. He is received by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, who gives him financial support. The crusaders commit endless thefts in the suburbs. Peter combines his forces with Walter Sans Avoir and camps outside Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#First_Crusade", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1097, "year_label": "1097 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – The Seljuk Turks surrender Nicaea to the Crusaders after a month siege. The Byzantines occupy the city; their commander Manuel Boutoumites is named by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos as doux of Nicaea. In the consternation the Crusaders are not allowed to plunder the city and are forced (again) to pledge their allegiance to Alexios.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268080#First_Crusade", "title": "1097", "revid": 1365268080, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1098, "year_label": "1098 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Battle of Antioch: Emir Kerbogha, ruler (atabeg) of Mosul, arrives at Antioch with a Seljuk army (35,000 men) to relieve the city. He lays siege to the Crusaders who have just captured the city themselves (although they do not have full control of it). A Byzantine relief force led by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos turns back after Count Stephen of Blois convinces them that the situation in Antioch is hopeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163181#First_Crusade", "title": "1098", "revid": 1362163181, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May or June – Count Raymond IV of Toulouse (Saint-Gilles) sails to Constantinople to obtain the support of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in his attempt to seize Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Levant", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Crusaders under Raymond IV invade the Beqaa Valley and capture Tortosa to isolate Tripoli. Raymond expands towards the Orontes River, and begins to build a castle on the Mons Peregrinus which helps in the Siege of Tripoli (see 1102). Emperor Alexios I supports the Crusaders by sending a Byzantine fleet (ten ships) to blockade the port of Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Levant", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1104, "year_label": "1104 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Bohemond I departs to Italy for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Tancred becomes co-ruler over Antioch – and appoints his brother-in-law, Richard of Salerno, as his deputy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271015#Levant", "title": "1104", "revid": 1365271015, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1106, "year_label": "1106 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Bohemond I, prince of Antioch, marries Constance of France (daughter of King Philip I) in the cathedral of Chartres. Philip agrees to marry his second daughter, the 9-year-old Cecile of France, to Tancred (nephew of Bohemond). Meanwhile, Bohemond mobilises an expeditionary force (some 30,000 men) to begin a campaign against Emperor Alexios I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266175#Europe", "title": "1106", "revid": 1365266175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1107, "year_label": "1107 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Crusaders under Tancred, prince of Galilee, recover the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra conquered by Emperor Alexios I 3-years ago (see 1104).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266728#Levant", "title": "1107", "revid": 1365266728, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1113, "year_label": "1113 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Siege of Nicaea: Malik Shah, Seljuk ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, sends an expedition through Bithynia to the very walls of Nicaea. Seljuk forces raid Abydos on the Hellespont, with its rich custom-houses. Malik Shah attacks and captures Pergamum. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sets out to meet the Seljuk invaders. He lifts the siege at Nicaea and wins a complete victory near Cotyaeum (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267067505#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1113", "revid": 1267067505, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos dies after a 37-year reign, in which he has regained control over western Anatolia (modern Turkey). He stabilizes his frontiers against the wars with the Normans in the western Balkans, and the Seljuk Turks in the East. Alexios is succeeded by his 30-year-old son, John II Komnenos (the Good), as ruler of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Anna Komnene writes the Alexiad, a biography of her father, the late Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Literature", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}]}