{"slug": "american-revolutionary-war", "label": "American Revolutionary War", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40949", "qid": "Q40949", "description": "1775–1783 war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, which won independence as the United States of America", "entries": 111, "years": 35, "span": [1721, 1839], "span_label": ["1721 CE", "1839 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 67}, {"title": "Births", "count": 15}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 14}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "continental-army", "label": "Continental Army", "shared": 15}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "patriot-american-revolution", "label": "Patriot (American Revolution)", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "george-washington", "label": "George Washington", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "new-jersey", "label": "New Jersey", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "continental-congress", "label": "Continental Congress", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "boston", "label": "Boston", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pennsylvania", "label": "Pennsylvania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charleston-south-carolina", "label": "Charleston, South Carolina", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-state", "label": "New York (state)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1721, "year_label": "1721 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – Johann de Kalb, Bavarian-French military officer who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1780)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367153403#Births", "title": "1721", "revid": 1367153403, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1724, "year_label": "1724 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Henry Laurens, political leader during the American Revolutionary War, father of John Laurens (d. 1792)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372325153#Births", "title": "1724", "revid": 1372325153, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1726, "year_label": "1726 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – Lord Stirling, American brigadier-general during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1783)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372345509#Births", "title": "1726", "revid": 1372345509, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1727, "year_label": "1727 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Horatio Gates, retired British soldier who served as an American general during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1806)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360176234#Births", "title": "1727", "revid": 1360176234, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1733, "year_label": "1733 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Benjamin Lincoln, major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and politician (d. 1810)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358761924#Births", "title": "1733", "revid": 1358761924, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – William Stacy, American Revolutionary War officer (d. 1802)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363450203#Births", "title": "1734", "revid": 1363450203, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Thomas Conway, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1800)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363450203#Births", "title": "1734", "revid": 1363450203, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1740, "year_label": "1740 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – John Sullivan, American General in the American Revolutionary War, delegate in the Continental Congress (d. 1795)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733434#Births", "title": "1740", "revid": 1362733434, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1740, "year_label": "1740 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Hercules Mulligan, tailor and spy during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1825)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733434#Births", "title": "1740", "revid": 1362733434, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Louis Lebègue Duportail French military leader in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1802)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#Births", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1745, "year_label": "1745 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – John Gunby, Maryland soldier in the American Revolutionary War (d. 1807)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353016128#Births", "title": "1745", "revid": 1353016128, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1746, "year_label": "1746 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Bernardo de Gálvez, Spanish military leader, aids the United States in its quest for independence in the American Revolutionary War (d. 1786)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271173#Births", "title": "1746", "revid": 1360271173, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – John André, British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War (d. 1780)", 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the American Revolutionary War five years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – American Revolutionary War: Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren form the first Committee of Correspondence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362979438#October–December", "title": "1772", "revid": 1362979438, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – American Revolution – Battles of Lexington and Concord: Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the American Revolutionary War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Machias: In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner HMS Margaretta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Trenton – Washington's troops surprise the 1,500 Hessian troops under the command of Col. Johann Rall at 8 a.m. outside Trenton and score a victory, taking 948 prisoners while suffering only five wounded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#November–December", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – American Revolutionary War: Burning of Norfolk – The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#January–February", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Sullivan's Island – South Carolina militia repel a British attack on Charleston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#May–June", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet – The American Continental Navy successfully challenges the British Royal Navy blockade off New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#May–June", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – American Revolutionary War: Threatened by Patriot cannons on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuate Boston, ending the 11‑month Siege of Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – American Revolutionary War: American Patriots conduct a Raid on Tybee Island, primarily seeking to capture runaway slaves who sought refuge with British forces stationed there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – American Revolutionary War: American Patriots capture Dorchester Heights, dominating the port of Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Fort Washington – Hessian forces under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort Washington (Manhattan) from the American Continental Army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#November–December", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Fort Lee – The invasion of New Jersey, by British and Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent general retreat of the American Continental Army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#November–December", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Valcour Island – On Lake Champlain near Valcour Island, a British fleet led by Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15 American gunboats, commanded by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold. Although nearly all of Arnold's ships are destroyed, the two-day-long battle will give Patriot forces enough time to prepare the defenses of New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Pell's Point – Troops of the American Continental Army resist a British and Hessian force in The Bronx.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of White Plains – British forces arrive at White Plains, attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Americans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – American Revolutionary War: An abortive peace conference takes place between the British and Americans, on Staten Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – American Revolutionary War: Landing at Kip's Bay – British troops land on Manhattan at Kips Bay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Harlem Heights – The Continental Army under Washington is victorious against the British on Manhattan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – American Revolutionary War – Nathan Hale is executed by the British in New York City for espionage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – American Revolutionary War: World's first submarine attack – The American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship in New York Harbor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Bound Brook: A British and Hessian force led by Charles Cornwallis surprises a Continental Army outpost in New Jersey, commanded by Major General Benjamin Lincoln.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#April–June", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Ridgefield: The British Army defeats Patriot militias, galvanizing resistance in the Connecticut Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#April–June", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Bennington: British and Brunswicker forces are decisively defeated by American troops at Walloomsac, New York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – American Revolutionary War – The Siege of Fort Stanwix is ended by withdrawal of British forces, following a ruse by Benedict Arnold to persuade them that a much larger force is arriving.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Oriskany: Loyalists gain a tactical victory over Patriots; Iroquois fight on both sides.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – American Revolutionary War – George Washington's Continental Army goes into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Hugh Mercer, American Revolutionary War officer, mortally wounded in battle (b. 1726)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Deaths › January–March"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second battle at Trenton, New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Princeton: American general George Washington's army defeats British troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – American Revolutionary War – Siege of Fort Ticonderoga: After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Hubbardton: British forces capture over 200 of the American rearguard, from Fort Ticonderoga.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Saratoga: British General John Burgoyne surrenders to the American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery: British troops capture Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery (Hudson River), and are able to dismantle the Hudson River Chain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – American Revolutionary War – Second Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Bemis Heights): British General John Burgoyne is defeated by American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – American Revolutionary War – First Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Freeman's Farm): Patriot forces withstand a British attack at Saratoga, New York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – American Revolutionary War – British troops occupy Philadelphia; members of the Continental Congress flee to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where they meet and hold a one day session as the Fifth Congress before fleeing again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cooch's Bridge: British and Hessian forces defeat an American militia in a minor skirmish in New Castle County, Delaware.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – American Revolutionary War – The Sixth Continental Congress opens its session at York, Pennsylvania, and continues for 272 days until June 27, 1778.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – American Revolutionary War: The tactically inconclusive Battle of Rhode Island takes place, after which the Continental Army abandons its position on Aquidneck Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – American Revolutionary War: Capture of Savannah – British forces under Archibald Campbell take the city of Savannah, Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#October–December", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris, the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France, signaling official French recognition of the new republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – American Revolutionary War: First Battle of Ushant – British and French fleets fight to a standoff.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Wyoming takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a terrible defeat for the local colonists.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – American Revolutionary War: George Rogers Clark takes Kaskaskia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Monmouth – George Washington's Continental Army battles British general Sir Henry Clinton's army to a draw, near Monmouth County, New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#April–June", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington approves the dishonorable discharge of Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold Enslin, for \"attempting to commit sodomy, with John Monhort a soldier\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – American Revolutionary War: Cherry Valley massacre – British forces and their Iroquois allies attack a fort and the village of Cherry Valley, New York, killing 14 soldiers and 30 civilians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#October–December", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – American Revolutionary War: Invasion of Dominica – The French capture the British fort there, before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in the Franco-American alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – American Revolutionary War – Claudius Smith is hanged at Goshen, Orange County, New York for supposed acts of terrorism upon the people of the surrounding communities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#January–March", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – American Revolutionary War – United States forces, led by General Anthony Wayne, capture Stony Point, New York from British troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#July–September", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – American Revolutionary War – American forces, led by Commodore Dudley Saltonstall, launch the Penobscot Expedition in what is now Castine, Maine, resulting in the worst naval defeat in U.S. history, until surpassed by the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#July–September", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – American Revolutionary War – Benedict Arnold is court-martialed for malfeasance, in his treatment of government property.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#April–June", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – American Revolutionary War – In support of France, Spain declares war on Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#April–June", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14–15 – American Revolutionary War – Little Beard's Town, a loyalist stronghold, is burnt by the Sullivan Expedition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#July–September", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Flamborough Head – The American ship Bonhomme Richard, commanded by John Paul Jones, engages the British ship . The Bonhomme Richard sinks, but the Americans board the Serapis and other vessels, and are victorious.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#July–September", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – American Revolutionary War: The Spanish commander of the Fortress of the Immaculate Conception on the San Juan River in modern-day Nicaragua surrenders it to the British San Juan Expedition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#April–June", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Camden: British troops inflict heavy losses on a Patriot army at Camden, South Carolina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#July–September", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Johann de Kalb, Bavarian-French military officer who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1721)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#Deaths", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova captures a British convoy totalling 55 vessels amongst Indiamen, frigates and other cargo ships off Cape St. Vincent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#July–September", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#January–March", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce the colonists, in the American Revolutionary War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#July–September", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Springfield: The Continental Army defeats the British in New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#April–June", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – General Lafayette embarks on at Rochefort, arriving in Boston on April 28, carrying the news that he has secured French men and ships to reinforce the American side in the American Revolutionary War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#January–March", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – American Revolutionary War: The British San Juan Expedition sails from Jamaica under the command of Captains John Polson and Horatio Nelson to attack the Captaincy General of Guatemala (modern-day Nicaragua) in New Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#January–March", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces after 44 days of siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#April–June", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – American Revolutionary War: The British San Juan Expedition is forced to withdraw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#October–December", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – American Revolutionary War: In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#October–December", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Kings Mountain: Patriot militia forces annihilate Loyalists under British Major Patrick Ferguson, at Kings Mountain, South Carolina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#October–December", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – American Revolutionary War – Second Battle of Ushant: The British Royal Navy, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt in , decisively defeats the French fleet in the Bay of Biscay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562964#October–December", "title": "1781", "revid": 1370562964, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cowpens: The American Continental Army, under Daniel Morgan, decisively defeats British forces in South Carolina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562964#January–March", "title": "1781", "revid": 1370562964, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces, led by Benedict Arnold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562964#January–March", "title": "1781", "revid": 1370562964, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – A combined British and Native American force defeat Kentucky militiamen in the Battle of Blue Licks in the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#July–September", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – American Revolutionary War: Action of 12 December 1782: A naval engagement off Ferrol, Spain, in which the British ship commanded by James Luttrell successfully attacks a convoy of French and American ships attempting to supply the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#October–December", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – The British House of Commons votes against further war in America, paving the way for the Second Rockingham ministry and the Peace of Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#January–March", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris, representatives from the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized in the Treaty of Paris).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#October–December", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War are ratified by the Congress of the Confederation in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#April–June", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – American Revolutionary War: Great Britain acknowledges the independence of the United States of America. At this time, the Spanish government does not grant diplomatic recognition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#January–March", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – William Alexander, Lord Stirling, American major-general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1726)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#Deaths", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – American Revolutionary War: The last British troops leave New York City and George Washington triumphantly returns, three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#October–December", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Peace of Paris: A treaty between the United States and Great Britain is signed in Paris, formally ending the American Revolutionary War, in which Britain recognizes the independence of the United States; and treaties are signed between Britain, France, and Spain at Versailles, ending hostilities with the Franco-Spanish Alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#July–September", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – Bernardo de Gálvez, Spanish military leader who aided the United States in its quest for independence, in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1746)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370552329#Deaths", "title": "1786", "revid": 1370552329, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – Henry Laurens, political leader during the American Revolutionary War, father of John Laurens (b. 1724)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#July–December", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – The United States and Great Britain sign the Jay Treaty (coming into effect in 1796), which attempts to clear up some issues left over from the American Revolutionary War and secures a decade of peaceful trade between the two nations. Britain agrees to evacuate border forts in the Northwest Territory (roughly the area north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi) and thereby end British support for the Indians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#October–December", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – John Sullivan, American general in the American Revolutionary War, delegate in the Continental Congress (b. 1740)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#January–March", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Deaths › January–March"}}, {"year": 1796, "year_label": "1796 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Walter Stewart, Irish-born American general during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1756)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368676893#April–June", "title": "1796", "revid": 1368676893, "section": "Deaths › April–June"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – Louis Lebègue Duportail French military leader in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1743)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341741915#July–December", "title": "1802", "revid": 1341741915, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – Horatio Gates, British soldier, served as an American general during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1727)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368311144#January–June", "title": "1806", "revid": 1368311144, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – John Gunby, Maryland soldier in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1745)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#January–June", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Benjamin Lincoln, major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1733)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#January–June", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Hercules Mulligan, tailor, spy during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1740)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341744335#January–June", "title": "1825", "revid": 1341744335, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Daniel Shays, American Revolutionary War captain, also the leader of the Shays's Rebellion (b. 1747)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341744335#July–December", "title": "1825", "revid": 1341744335, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 26", "text": "February 26 – Sybil Ludington, alleged heroine during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1761)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#January–June", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}]}