{"slug": "ancient-carthage", "label": "Ancient Carthage", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429397", "qid": "Q2429397", "description": "Phoenician city-state and empire", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [-649, -145], "span_label": ["650 BCE", "146 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cadiz", "label": "Cádiz", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syracuse-sicily", "label": "Syracuse, Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hannibal", "label": "Hannibal", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "second-punic-war", "label": "Second Punic War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sardinia", "label": "Sardinia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "numidia", "label": "Numidia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "balearic-islands", "label": "Balearic Islands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scipio-africanus", "label": "Scipio Africanus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -649, "year_label": "650 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The city of Ancient Carthage acquires independence from Tyre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372860055#Events", "title": "650 BC", "revid": 1372860055, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -534, "year_label": "535 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Phocaean Greek colonists clash with Carthaginian and Etruscan ships in the Battle of Alalia (near Corsica).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151414#Europe", "title": "535 BC", "revid": 1363151414, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": -508, "year_label": "509 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Carthage signs a treaty with Rome, delineating their respective spheres.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129365#Roman_Republic", "title": "509 BC", "revid": 1350129365, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -408, "year_label": "409 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Taking advantage of the quarrels between the Greek cities in Sicily and of the mutual exhaustion of Athens and Syracuse, Carthage seeks to reimpose its influence over the island. Hannibal Mago, grandson of Hamilcar, invades Sicily with a strong force. He defeats the Sicilian Greeks and avenges his grandfather through the torture and killing of 3,000 Greek prisoners. In the Battle of Selinus and Battle of Himera he captures and destroys both cities before returning triumphantly to Carthage with the spoils of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353486457#Sicily", "title": "409 BC", "revid": 1353486457, "section": "Events › By place › Sicily"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Since 480 BC, an aristocratic Council of Elders has effectively ruled Carthage. The titular king of Carthage, Bomilcar, attempts a coup to restore the monarchy to full power. His attempt fails, which leads to Carthage becoming, in name as well as in fact, a republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Carthage", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -269, "year_label": "270 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Carthage, already in control of Sardinia, southern Spain and Numidia, is ruled by an oligarchy of merchants under two Suffetes or chief magistrates. While Carthage's military commanders are strong, the state relies on mercenaries (including Spanish ones) for its soldiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317756359#Carthage", "title": "270 BC", "revid": 1317756359, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Carthage persuades Syracuse to revolt against Rome and ally itself with Carthage instead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#Carthage", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -206, "year_label": "207 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Hasdrubal Barca, Carthaginian general in the Second Punic War (b. 245 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018864#Deaths", "title": "207 BC", "revid": 1213018864, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -205, "year_label": "206 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Battle of Ilipa (Alcalá del Río, near Seville) in Spain, the Carthaginian generals, Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, are defeated by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio. Mago retreats to Gades (modern Cádiz) and then sails for the Balearic Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853494#Roman_Republic", "title": "206 BC", "revid": 1361853494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -200, "year_label": "201 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "On Hannibal's advice, Carthage sues for peace with the Romans, ending the Second Punic War. Carthage is reduced to a client state of Rome. In the peace treaty between Carthage and Rome, Carthage surrenders all her Mediterranean possessions to Rome, including her Iberian territories. The Carthaginians agree to pay Rome 200 talents per year for 50 years, allow Masinissa to rule Numidia as an independent kingdom, make no war without Rome's permission, and destroy all but 10 of the Carthaginian warships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243551551#Carthage", "title": "201 BC", "revid": 1243551551, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -194, "year_label": "195 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Because of his administrative and constitutional reforms in Carthage, Hannibal becomes unpopular with an important faction of the Carthaginian nobility and he is denounced to the Romans for inciting the Seleucid king Antiochus III to take up arms against the Romans. Rome demands that Carthage surrender Hannibal. However, Hannibal voluntarily goes into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115647#Carthage", "title": "195 BC", "revid": 1300115647, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -145, "year_label": "146 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman armies destroy Carthage and Corinth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354349690#Roman_Republic", "title": "146 BC", "revid": 1354349690, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}]}