{"slug": "andronikos-ii-palaiologos", "label": "Andronikos II Palaiologos", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37067", "qid": "Q37067", "description": "Byzantine Emperor from 1282 to 1328", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1259, 1332], "span_label": ["1259 CE", "1332 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eastern-orthodox-church", "label": "Eastern Orthodox Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "messina", "label": "Messina", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "easter", "label": "Easter", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1332)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Births", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April", "text": "April – John XXI sends a papal embassy to Constantinople to force Michael VIII Palaiologos, his 18-year-old son and heir Andronikos and Patriarch John XI Bekkos to reaffirm their allegiance to the Union of Lyon in the Palace of Blachernae. Michael refuses to accept a religious union of the Greek Orthodox Church with Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Religion", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Arghun Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate, sends an embassy under Rabban Bar Sauma with the mission of contracting a military alliance against the Mamluk Sultanate and take the city of Jerusalem. He travels with a large retinue (bearing gifts and letters) and 30 riding animals from Tabriz through Armenia to Trebizond. Bar Sauma arrives in Constantinople and receives an audience with Emperor Andronikos II (Palaiologos).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Middle_East", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – War of Curzola: Genoese raids on the Venetian quarter in Constantinople lead to a formal declaration of war with the Republic of Venice. A Venetian fleet (some 40 war galleys) attacks Galata, the quarter of the Genoese merchants. Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos arrests surviving Venetians in the capital and joins the war with the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Battle of Bapheus: To counter the Turkish threat at Nicomedia, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sends a Byzantine force (some 2,000 men) to cross over the Bosporus to relieve the city. On the plain, Turkish forces (some 5,000 light cavalry) led by Sultan Osman I defeat the Byzantines, who are forced to withdraw to Nicomedia. After the battle, Andronikos loses control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to the forts. Meanwhile, Turkish forces capture Byzantine settlements, such as the coastal city of Gemlik.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#July–September", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos, facing a possible siege of Constantinople by Ottoman-Turkish forces, seeks support from the European kingdoms. He makes Roger de Flor, Italian military adventurer and nobleman, an offer of service. Roger with his fleet and army (some 7,000 men), now known as the Catalan Company, departs from Messina with 36 ships (including 18 galleys), and arrives in Constantinople. He is adopted into the imperial family, Andronikos appoints him as grand duke (megas doux) and commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army and fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#July–September", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son Michael IX Palaiologos. Michael's son Andronikos begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#October_–_December", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – At Easter, the Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 breaks out in the Byzantine Empire as Co-Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos flees Constantinople to Adrianople, where he sets up his court and initiates an uprising against his grandfather, the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The 24-year-old Andronikos is joined by Theodore Synadenos and John Kantakouzenos in the rebellion. Syrgiannes Palaiologos leads an expeditionary army towards the capital, forcing the emperor to negotiate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355655788#April_–_June", "title": "1321", "revid": 1355655788, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1322, "year_label": "1322 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – An agreement is reached in the Byzantine civil war between Emperor Andronikos II and his rebellious grandson, Andronikos III Palaiologos, signed outside the Byzantine fortress of Epibates (modern Selimpaşa in Turkey). The two men agree that they will jointly rule Byzantium as co-Emperors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350577150#July_–_September", "title": "1322", "revid": 1350577150, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1332, "year_label": "1332 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1259)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1272872485#Deaths", "title": "1332", "revid": 1272872485, "section": "Deaths"}}]}