{"slug": "antarctica", "label": "Antarctica", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51", "qid": "Q51", "description": "terrestrial continent in the Southern Hemisphere", "entries": 15, "years": 13, "span": [-2806, 2019], "span_label": ["2807 BCE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 9}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cold-war", "label": "Cold War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-africa", "label": "South Africa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "africa", "label": "Africa", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -2806, "year_label": "2807 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "2807 BC: Suggested date for an asteroid or comet impact occurring between Africa and Antarctica, around the time of a lunar eclipse on May 10, based on an analysis of flood stories. Possibly causing the Burckle crater and Fenambosy Chevron.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895849#Events", "title": "29th century BC", "revid": 1371895849, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – A partial solar eclipse, Solar Saros 146, is visible in Antarctica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#January–March", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Annular solar eclipse is visible from a region of the Southern Ocean between South Africa and Antarctica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#April–June", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – British Royal Navy captain Edward Bransfield, an Irishman, becomes the first person to positively identify Antarctica as a land mass.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795492#January–March", "title": "1820", "revid": 1368795492, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#January–March", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – Sailor Benjamin Morrell erroneously reports the existence of the island of New South Greenland near Antarctica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#January–March", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1824, "year_label": "1824 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – American explorer Benjamin Morrell departs Antarctica after a voyage later plagued by claims of fraud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359333471#January–March", "title": "1824", "revid": 1359333471, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The research vessel SS Southern Cross, on an Antarctic expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink, arrives at Cape Adare and begins unloading 90 sledge dogs – the first ever on the continent – and two Norwegian Sámi crewmen, who become the first humans to spend the night in Antarctica. Over the next 12 days, the rest of the 31-man crew builds a temporary settlement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#February", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Duke of York Island, off Antarctica, is discovered by the Southern Cross Expedition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#July", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Scottish National Antarctic Expedition: Led by William Speirs Bruce, the Antarctic region of Coats Land is discovered from the Scotia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#March", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition begins its attempt to make the first land crossing of Antarctica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#December", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#January", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – Soviet polar pilot V. M. Perov on Li-2 rescues four Belgian polar explorers, led by Gaston de Gerlache, who have survived a plane crash in Antarctica 250 km from their base five days earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#December", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Cold War: Antarctic Treaty – 12 countries, including the United States and the Soviet Union, sign a landmark treaty that sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent (the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#December", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – 2019 Chilean Air Force C-130 crash: A Chilean military transport aircraft crashes while en route to Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva in Antarctica, killing all 38 people on board. The crash site is located on December 12.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}]}