{"slug": "antiochus-iii-the-great", "label": "Antiochus III the Great", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3365", "qid": "Q3365", "description": "sixth Seleucid emperor (223–187 BC)", "entries": 36, "years": 33, "span": [-241, -172], "span_label": ["242 BCE", "173 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 20}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "shared": 17}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "coele-syria", "label": "Coele-Syria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "hannibal", "label": "Hannibal", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pergamum", "label": "Pergamum", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ptolemy-iv-philopator", "label": "Ptolemy IV Philopator", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "taurus-mountains", "label": "Taurus Mountains", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -241, "year_label": "242 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of Hellenistic Syria (d. 187 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210520734#Births", "title": "242 BC", "revid": 1210520734, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III the Great, younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire (d. 187 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#Births", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -222, "year_label": "223 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus III is succeeded by his younger brother, Antiochus III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243366265#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "223 BC", "revid": 1243366265, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -221, "year_label": "222 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Mithridates II of Pontus gives his daughter Laodice in marriage to the Seleucid king Antiochus III. Another of his daughters, also named Laodice, is married about the same time to general Achaeus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295080485#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "222 BC", "revid": 1295080485, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xenoetas, Seleucid general (killed during a revolt against Antiochus III)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#Deaths", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III the Great defeats Molon at the Tigris River, defeating and killing. Antiochus goes on to conquer Atropatene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Molon, general of the Seleucid king Antiochus III who has rebelled against his rule", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#Deaths", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -218, "year_label": "219 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the defection of one of Ptolemy IV's leading commanders, Egypt's Syrian territories are seriously threatened by Antiochus III, thus initiating the Fourth Syrian War. When the Seleucid ruler captures the important eastern Mediterranean sea ports of Seleucia-in-Pieria, Tyre, and Ptolemais, Ptolemy IV's advisor, Sosibius, and the Ptolemaic court enter into delaying negotiations with the enemy, while the Ptolemaic army is reorganized and intensively drilled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325717539#Egypt", "title": "219 BC", "revid": 1325717539, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -216, "year_label": "217 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Egyptian native hoplites under Ptolemy IV crush the Seleucid army under Antiochus III in the Battle of Raphia near Gaza. The realization of their military importance leads to demands by native Egyptians for greater privileges and so to the development of racial difficulties which will weaken the Ptolemy dynasty in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1306223252#Egypt", "title": "217 BC", "revid": 1306223252, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -214, "year_label": "215 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king, Antiochus III, crosses the Taurus Mountains, uniting his forces with Attalus of Pergamum and, in one campaign, deprives his rebel general, Achaeus, of all his dominions and takes Sardis (with the exception of the citadel).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337286145#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "215 BC", "revid": 1337286145, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -212, "year_label": "213 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In alliance with Attalus I of Pergamum, Antiochus III finally captures the rebel king of Anatolia, Achaeus, in his capital, Sardis, after a siege of two years. Antiochus III then has Achaeus executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698514#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "213 BC", "revid": 1352698514, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -212, "year_label": "213 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Achaeus, Seleucid general and later separatist ruler of most of Anatolia until his defeat and execution by the Seleucid king Antiochus III", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698514#Deaths", "title": "213 BC", "revid": 1352698514, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -211, "year_label": "212 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Having recovered the central part of Anatolia from the usurper Achaeus, Antiochus III turns his forces to recover the outlying provinces to the north and east of the Seleucid kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637712#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "212 BC", "revid": 1325637712, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -210, "year_label": "211 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III's sister arranges for the removal of Armenia's king Xerxes, whom she has recently married. Antiochus III then divides the country into two satrapies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637763#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "211 BC", "revid": 1325637763, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -208, "year_label": "209 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The King of the Parthians, Arsaces II, is attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III, who takes Hecatompylos (southeast of the Caspian Sea), the Arsacid capital and Syrinx in Hyrcania. Antiochus III defeats Arsaces II at the Battle of Mount Labus and then forces Arsaces II to enter into an alliance with the Seleucids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115697#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "209 BC", "revid": 1300115697, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -207, "year_label": "208 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III advances into Bactria, which is ruled by the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I, and defeats Euthydemus at the Battle of the Arius. After resisting a siege of his capital Bactra (Balkh) by the Seleucids, Euthydemus obtains an honourable peace by which Antiochus promises Euthydemus' son Demetrius the hand of one of his daughters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364334903#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "208 BC", "revid": 1364334903, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -205, "year_label": "206 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III marches across the Hindu Kush into the Kabul valley and renews his friendship with the Indian king Sophagasenus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853494#Persia", "title": "206 BC", "revid": 1361853494, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": -204, "year_label": "205 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Returning via the Persian provinces of Arachosia, Drangiana, and Carmania, Antiochus III arrives in Persis. He then leads a short expedition down the Persian Gulf and receives tribute of 500 talents of silver from the citizens of Gerrha, a mercantile state on the west coast of the Persian Gulf.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853505#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "205 BC", "revid": 1361853505, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -203, "year_label": "204 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Philip V of Macedon and Antiochus III of the Syrian-based Seleucid kingdom realize Egypt's weakness and agree to partition Egypt's Anatolian and Aegean possessions. Antiochus' share is to be southern Syria, Lycia, Cilicia and Cyprus, while Philip is to gain western Anatolia and the Cyclades.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115585#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "204 BC", "revid": 1300115585, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -201, "year_label": "202 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "During this period of confusion and change amongst Egypt’s leadership, armies under the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, make serious inroads into the Egyptian territories in Coele-Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278127245#Egypt", "title": "202 BC", "revid": 1278127245, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III's forces continue their invasion of Coele Syria and Palestine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -197, "year_label": "198 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Panium is fought between Seleucid forces led by Antiochus III and Ptolemaic forces led by Scopas of Aetolia. The Seleucids win the battle which allows Antiochus III to obtain entire possession of Palestine and Coele-Syria from King Ptolemy V of Egypt. Though the Romans send ambassadors to Ptolemy V, they are unable to lend him any serious assistance against Antiochus III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698641#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "198 BC", "revid": 1352698641, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -196, "year_label": "197 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III occupies parts of the kingdom of Pergamum and a number of Greek cities in Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698626#Asia_Minor", "title": "197 BC", "revid": 1352698626, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -195, "year_label": "196 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III's army crosses the Hellespont into Thrace, where he claims sovereignty over territory that has been won by Seleucus I in 281 BC. A war of harassment and diplomacy with Rome ensues. The Romans send ambassadors demanding that Antiochus stay out of Greece and set free all the autonomous communities in Anatolia. To meet these demands would mean Antiochus III giving up the western part of his Seleucid Empire. Thus Antiochus refuses the Romans' demands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172645#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "196 BC", "revid": 1354172645, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -194, "year_label": "195 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Because of his administrative and constitutional reforms in Carthage, Hannibal becomes unpopular with an important faction of the Carthaginian nobility and he is denounced to the Romans for inciting the Seleucid king Antiochus III to take up arms against the Romans. Rome demands that Carthage surrender Hannibal. However, Hannibal voluntarily goes into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115647#Carthage", "title": "195 BC", "revid": 1300115647, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -193, "year_label": "194 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With his peace agreement with the Egyptians in place, Antiochus III now turns his attention to the West. He is encouraged to challenge Rome's protection of the Greeks by his advisor, the former Carthaginian general Hannibal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368091897#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "194 BC", "revid": 1368091897, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -192, "year_label": "193 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum appeals to Rome for help against the Seleucid king Antiochus III who is threatening to conquer Greece. The Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus supports the Roman championship of Greek autonomy in Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018923#Greece", "title": "193 BC", "revid": 1213018923, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -191, "year_label": "192 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Seleucid forces under their king, Antiochus III, invade Greece at the invitation of the Aetolian League, who are revolting against the Romans. The Aetolians appoint him commander in chief of their league. Antiochus lands in Demetrias, Thessaly with only 10,500 men and occupies Euboea. However, he finds little support for his cause in central Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342604594#Greece", "title": "192 BC", "revid": 1342604594, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -190, "year_label": "191 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio and Cato the Elder cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae. With the remainder of his troops, Antiochus flees to Chalcis on Euboea and from there he retreats by sea to Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356019531#Roman_Republic", "title": "191 BC", "revid": 1356019531, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -188, "year_label": "189 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The defeat of Antiochus III by the Romans in the Battle of Magnesia robs the Aetolian League of its principal foreign ally and makes it impossible for them to stand alone in continued opposition to Rome. The League is forced to sign a peace treaty with Rome that makes it a subject ally of the Republic. Although the League continues to exist in name, the power of the League is broken by the treaty and it never again constitutes a significant political or military force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370483432#Greece", "title": "189 BC", "revid": 1370483432, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Through the peace treaty of Apamea (in Phrygia), the Romans force the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, to surrender all his Greek and Anatolian possessions as far east as the Taurus Mountains, to pay 15,000 talents over a period of 12 years and to surrender to Rome the former Carthaginian general Hannibal, his elephants and his fleet, and furnish hostages, including the king's eldest son, Demetrius. Rome is now the master of the eastern Mediterranean while Antiochus III's empire is reduced to Syria, Mesopotamia, and western Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Roman_Republic", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -186, "year_label": "187 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king, Antiochus III, attempts to collect tribute from a temple near Susa, Persia, where he was killed. He is succeeded by his son, Seleucus IV, who inherits an empire consisting of Syria, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, western Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223702100#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "187 BC", "revid": 1223702100, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -186, "year_label": "187 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC (b. c. 241 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223702100#Deaths", "title": "187 BC", "revid": 1223702100, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -184, "year_label": "185 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman general Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius are accused by Cato the Elder and his supporters of having received bribes from the late Seleucid king Antiochus III. Scipio defies his accusers, reminds the Romans of their debt to him, and retires to his country house at Liternum in Campania. However, Cato is successful in breaking the political influence of Lucius Scipio and Scipio Africanus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369352571#Roman_Republic", "title": "185 BC", "revid": 1369352571, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -174, "year_label": "175 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "During this period of uncertainty in Syria, the Egyptian ruler, Ptolemy VI, lays claim to Coele Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia, which the Seleucid king Antiochus III has previously conquered. Both the Syrian and Egyptian parties appeal to Rome for help, but the Roman Senate refuses to take sides.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361124288#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "175 BC", "revid": 1361124288, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -172, "year_label": "173 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus IV pays the remainder of the war indemnity that has been imposed by the Romans on Antiochus III in the Treaty of Apamea (188 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304313006#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "173 BC", "revid": 1304313006, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}]}