{"slug": "antwerp", "label": "Antwerp", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12892", "qid": "Q12892", "description": "city and municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium; capital and largest city of Antwerp Province; third-largest municipality in Belgium by area", "entries": 25, "years": 21, "span": [1484, 1944], "span_label": ["1484 CE", "1944 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "eighty-years-war", "label": "Eighty Years' War", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "belgium", "label": "Belgium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "genoa", "label": "Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brussels", "label": "Brussels", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "low-countries", "label": "Low Countries", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "habsburg-spain", "label": "Habsburg Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "the-hague", "label": "The Hague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bruges", "label": "Bruges", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "austrian-netherlands", "label": "Austrian Netherlands", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1484, "year_label": "1484 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Maximilian I, Duke of Burgundy, orders foreign merchants to leave Bruges. Most merchants move to Antwerp, greatly contributing to its growth as an international trading center.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346941150#Date_unknown", "title": "1484", "revid": 1346941150, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1535, "year_label": "1535 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – George Joye publishes his Apologye in Antwerp, to clear his name from the accusations of William Tyndale.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561145#January–March", "title": "1535", "revid": 1369561145, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1535, "year_label": "1535 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – William Tyndale is arrested in Antwerp for heresy, in relation to his Bible translation, and imprisoned in Vilvoorde.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561145#April–June", "title": "1535", "revid": 1369561145, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1535, "year_label": "1535 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The first complete English-language Bible is printed in Antwerp, with translations by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561145#October–December", "title": "1535", "revid": 1369561145, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Publication is made of two complete Bible translations into English, both based on Tyndale's. Myles Coverdale's 1535 text is the first to be printed in England (by James Nicholson in Southwark, London) The Matthew Bible, edited by John Rogers under the pseudonym \"Thomas Matthew\" and printed in Antwerp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#Date_unknown", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Guelders Wars: Maarten van Rossum leaves Antwerp, having failed to take it by siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#July–September", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1555, "year_label": "1555 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Orlande de Lassus' first book of madrigals is published, in Antwerp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561106#Date_unknown", "title": "1555", "revid": 1369561106, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1567, "year_label": "1567 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Battle of Oosterweel: A Spanish mercenary army surprises and kills a band of rebels near Antwerp in the Habsburg Netherlands, beginning the Eighty Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362147494#January–March", "title": "1567", "revid": 1362147494, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Abraham Ortelius publishes the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, in Antwerp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#April–June", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Eighty Years' War: The Battle of Borsele is fought as a fleet of Spanish ships is intercepted by Dutch Calvinist rebels (the Geuzen). While some of the ships are able to complete their mission of supplying the Spanish-governed Netherlands cities of Middelburg and Arnemuiden, most are forced to retreat to Amberes in the Spanish Netherlands, now Antwerp in Belgium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#April–June", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Eighty Years' War – Sack of Antwerp: In the Low Countries, mutinous Spanish soldiers sack Antwerp; after three days the city is nearly destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#October–December", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Two days after the Battle of Gembloux, Spanish troops capture the city of Leuven, forcing Willem, Prince of Orange, to flee Brussels and relocate to Antwerp.Geoffrey Parker, The Dutch Revolt (Cornell University Press, 1977) p.186", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#January–March", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – At the Battle of Rijmenam, fought near Antwerp in what is now Belgium, a combined Dutch and English force under the command of the Count of Boussu and England's John Norreys defeats Spanish troops commanded by Don Juan de Austria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#July–September", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – The Act of Abjuration is signed at The Hague by representatives of eight Dutch provinces as a declaration of independence from Spanish rule and a secession from the Union of Utrecht. The signing confirms a decision made in a July 22 meeting of the States General in Antwerp. King Philip II of Spain refuses to acknowledge the Abjuration.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#July–September", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Francis, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#January–March", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Peter Paul Rubens begins work on classical tapestries, when a contract is signed in Antwerp with cloth dyers Jan Raes and Frans Sweerts in Brussels, and the Genoese merchant Franco Cattaneo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Eighty Years' War: Battle of Kallo – Spanish troops under Ferdinand of Austria defeat a much larger Dutch force, near Antwerp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#April–June", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1723, "year_label": "1723 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – The Ostend Company is chartered by merchants and shipowners to establish trade for the Austrian Netherlands in the East Indies and West Indies. Over the next two days, 54 major investors in Antwerp purchase the shares of stock in the company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255771#July–September", "title": "1723", "revid": 1350255771, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – War of the First Coalition: The Siege of Antwerp ends with the surrender of the Austrian garrison", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#October–December", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Antwerp: Allied forces besiege French Antwerp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#January", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Dutch naval lieutenant Jan van Speyk blows up his own gunboat in Antwerp rather than strike his colours on the demand of supporters of the Belgian Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#January–March", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp (Belgium) falls to German troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#October", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14–September 12 – Main events of the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium (there have been ceremonies and outlying events since April). The Olympic symbols of five interlocking rings and the associated flag are first displayed at the games.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#August", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – WWII: A German surrender of Middelburg, Zeeland, to Allied forces ends the Battle of the Scheldt after five weeks, opening the Belgian port of Antwerp to Allied shipping. The bulk of the fighting has been by Canadians, with over 6,000 casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#November", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October", "text": "The first V-2 rocket attack on Antwerp takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#October", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › October"}}]}