{"slug": "apartheid", "label": "Apartheid", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11409", "qid": "Q11409", "description": "system of racial segregation in South Africa, introduced in 1948 by D.F. Malan and dismantled between 1990 and 1994 by F.W. de Klerk", "entries": 9, "years": 8, "span": [1928, 1996], "span_label": ["1928 CE", "1996 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "cape-town", "label": "Cape Town", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-nations-general-assembly", "label": "United Nations General Assembly", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ibm", "label": "IBM", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "african-national-congress", "label": "African National Congress", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "commonwealth-of-nations", "label": "Commonwealth of Nations", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – South Africa adopts a new national flag, based upon the Van Riebeeck flag or Prinsevlag (originally the Dutch flag), to replace the Red Ensign. It later became infamously known as the \"apartheid flag\" for being the flag of South Africa under Apartheid from 1948 to 1994.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#May", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Apartheid: The South African Citizenship Act suspends the granting of citizenship to Commonwealth of Nations immigrants after 5 years, and imposes a ban on mixed marriages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#June", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating the races.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371638577#April", "title": "1950", "revid": 1371638577, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#November", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Apartheid: The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a statement by their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#June", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – The United Freedom Front bombs an office of South African Airways in Elmont, NY and an IBM office in Harrison, NY. Two police officers suffer hearing damage. In March 1984, the UFF claims responsibility for the IBM building bombing, stating that the company was targeted because of its business in South Africa under Apartheid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#December", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#April", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Apartheid: State President of South Africa, P. W. Botha, declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts of South Africa amid growing civil unrest in black townships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#July", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Former State President of South Africa, F. W. de Klerk, makes an official apology for crimes committed under Apartheid to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Cape Town.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#August", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › August"}}]}