{"slug": "aquileia", "label": "Aquileia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquileia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53216", "qid": "Q53216", "description": "Italian comune based on the ancient Roman city in Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [-180, 837], "span_label": ["181 BCE", "837 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "marcus-aurelius", "label": "Marcus Aurelius", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "northern-italy", "label": "Northern Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alps", "label": "Alps", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "marcomanni", "label": "Marcomanni", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "huns", "label": "Huns", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "verona", "label": "Verona", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "valentinian-iii", "label": "Valentinian III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -180, "year_label": "181 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Rome founds a colony at Aquileia, on the narrow strip of land between the mountains and the lagoons, as a frontier fortress to check the advance of the Illyrians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363192990#Roman_Republic", "title": "181 BC", "revid": 1363192990, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -147, "year_label": "148 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Construction of the Via Postumia, linking Aquileia and Genua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341236547#Roman_Republic", "title": "148 BC", "revid": 1341236547, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 167, "year_label": "167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Marcomanni tribe wages war against the Romans at Aquileia. They destroy aqueducts and irrigation conduits. Marcus Aurelius repels the invaders, ending the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) that has kept the Roman Empire free of conflict since the days of Emperor Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302510#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 167", "revid": 1371302510, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 168, "year_label": "168 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his adopted brother Lucius Verus leave Rome, and establish their headquarters at Aquileia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302660#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 168", "revid": 1371302660, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 170, "year_label": "170 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Marcomanni plunder Opitergium (modern Oderzo) and besiege Aquileia. This is the first time hostile forces have entered Italy since 101 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303023#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 170", "revid": 1371303023, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 171, "year_label": "171 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius forms a new military command, the praetentura Italiae et Alpium. Aquileia is relieved, and the Marcomanni are evicted from Roman territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303100#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 171", "revid": 1371303100, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 238, "year_label": "238 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Maximinus advances to the town Aquileia in northern Italy; his army suffers from famine and disease, while the city is besieged. Soldiers of Legio II Parthica kill him in his tent, along with his son Maximinus (who is appointed co-emperor). Their corpses are decapitated and their heads carried to Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227244#Roman_Empire", "title": "238", "revid": 1371227244, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 340, "year_label": "340 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Constantine II, emperor of the western part of the Roman Empire (Britain, Gaul, the Rhine provinces and Iberia), crosses the Alps and attacks the army of his brother Constans I, emperor of the central part of the Roman Empire (Upper Danube, Italy and middle Africa). They clash at Aquileia in northern Italy. Constantine is killed in a skirmish by an ambush of Constans' troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281359942#Roman_Empire", "title": "340", "revid": 1281359942, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 351, "year_label": "351 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Magnentius flees to Aquileia in northern Italy and fortifies the mountain passes in the Alps.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1314902602#Roman_Empire", "title": "351", "revid": 1314902602, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 352, "year_label": "352 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Pope Julius I dies after a 15-year reign in which he has made himself the chief opponent of Arianism. He is succeeded by Pope Liberius as the 36th pope, who immediately writes to Constantius II requesting a council at Aquileia to discuss the former Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who opposes the Arian belief to which the emperor subscribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279672452#Religion", "title": "352", "revid": 1279672452, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 388, "year_label": "388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Magnus Maximus surrenders at Aquileia, and is executed. Theodosius I devotes himself to gluttony and voluptuous living. Maximus' son Flavius Victor is executed at Trier, by Valentinian's magister militum Arbogast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321355496#Roman_Empire", "title": "388", "revid": 1321355496, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 424, "year_label": "424 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – A Roman army under the command of Ardaburius leaves Thessalonica (modern Central Macedonia) and marches for Northern Italy, where they make their base at Aquileia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367765710#Roman_Empire", "title": "424", "revid": 1367765710, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 425, "year_label": "425 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman civil war: Summer – Joannes, Roman usurper, is defeated at the fortified city of Ravenna and brought to Aquileia. After a humiliating parade on a donkey and the insults of the populace, he is executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645280#Roman_Empire", "title": "425", "revid": 1367645280, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 452, "year_label": "452 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns under Attila invade Northern Italy. Emperor Valentinian III flees from Ravenna to Rome, and sends Pope Leo I to persuade Attila to return to the Hungarian Plain. The cities of Aquileia, Padua and Verona are destroyed by the Huns. Milan is saved because Attila is offered a huge amount of gold. Flavius Aetius (magister militum) is unable to raise a new army against him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342662685#Europe", "title": "452", "revid": 1342662685, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 489, "year_label": "489 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – After crossing the Julian Alps, the Ostrogoths defeat the overwhelming forces of Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo (near Roman Aquileia or modern Soča) and enter Italy. This date is subsequently used by Theodoric to establish a 30-year statute of limitations (tricennium) ending on 28 August 519, after which any unlawful seizure of land during this period can no longer be contested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747647#Europe", "title": "489", "revid": 1364747647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 568, "year_label": "568 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Paulinus I, patriarch of Aquileia, flees with the treasures of his church and transfers them to the island of Grado.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751316#Religion", "title": "568", "revid": 1364751316, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 837, "year_label": "837 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Maxentius, patriarch of Aquileia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941882#Deaths", "title": "837", "revid": 1340941882, "section": "Deaths"}}]}