{"slug": "arab-people", "label": "Arab people", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_people", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [-655, 1977], "span_label": ["656 BCE", "1977 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "libya", "label": "Libya", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "uzbekistan", "label": "Uzbekistan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bukhara", "label": "Bukhara", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "constans-ii", "label": "Constans II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenians", "label": "Armenians", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muawiyah-i", "label": "Muawiyah I", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -655, "year_label": "656 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shamash-shum-ukin of Babylon forms a secret alliance with Arabs, Aramaeans, Elamites, Persians, and Egyptians against his half brother Ashurbanipal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510215#Assyria", "title": "656 BC", "revid": 1370510215, "section": "Events › By place › Assyria"}}, {"year": 633, "year_label": "633 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ridda Wars: Abu Bakr, caliph (khalifa) of the Rashidun Caliphate, launches a military campaign against the Arab tribe of Kinda, which inhabits the region of Najran (Yemen).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351044118#Arabia", "title": "633", "revid": 1351044118, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 645, "year_label": "645 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexandria revolts against Arab rule, at the appearance of a Byzantine fleet of 300 ships, and Byzantine forces recapture the city. Abdullah ibn Sa'ad, Arab governor of Egypt, mounts an assault and retakes it. He begins building a Muslim fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973672#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "645", "revid": 1347973672, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 651, "year_label": "651 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Yazdegerd III of Persia is murdered in a miller's hut near Merv by his followers, ending both Persian resistance to Arab conquest, and the Sassanid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804418#Persia", "title": "651", "revid": 1340804418, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constans II voluntarily surrenders Armenia to the Arabs, following a truce with Muawiyah, governor of Syria. Muawiyah grants the Armenians virtual autonomy, and appoints the nakharar Theodor Rshtuni as ruler of Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 665, "year_label": "665 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Conquest: An Arab army (40,000 men) advances through the desert, and captures the Byzantine city of Barca (Libya).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805187#Arabian_Empire", "title": "665", "revid": 1340805187, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 668, "year_label": "668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab forces conquer the Garamantes in the Sahara desert (Libya).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805218#Arabian_Empire", "title": "668", "revid": 1340805218, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 701, "year_label": "701 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab conquest of Armenia: Umayyad prince Muhammad ibn Marwan invades the Byzantine Armenian provinces east of the Euphrates; local commander Baanes surrenders before a large Arab army, and the population accepts a Muslim governor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806807#Arabian_Empire", "title": "701", "revid": 1340806807, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 705, "year_label": "705 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Arab forces gain power in Central Asia, as Qutayba ibn Muslim becomes governor of Khorasan. The region has grown rich from trade with China and Eastern Europe, its merchants dealing in silk, furs, amber, honey, and walrus ivory. During his rule, Qutayba subjugates the mercantile cities of Bukhara and Samarkand (modern Uzbekistan), as well as the Oxus delta area of Khwarezm, south of the Aral Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807090#Arabian_Empire", "title": "705", "revid": 1340807090, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 709, "year_label": "709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After two years of failed efforts, Qutayba ibn Muslim captures Bukhara (Uzbekistan) for the Umayyad Caliphate. The Hephthalite princes of Tokharistan rebel against the Arabs, but are swiftly subdued by Qutayba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807109#Arabian_Empire", "title": "709", "revid": 1340807109, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An Arab army is invited into Ceuta by its governor, Julian, who is an opponent of Roderick. He encourages them to invade the Iberian Peninsula. Tariq ibn Ziyad is appointed governor of Tangier (Morocco), and establishes a Moorish garrison of 1,700 men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Europe", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 713, "year_label": "713 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine wars: The Umayyad Arabs under al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, son of caliph al-Walid I, sack Antioch in Pisidia (modern Turkey), which never recovers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807131#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "713", "revid": 1340807131, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 719, "year_label": "719 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Gaul (first major Muslim attack upon Visigothic Septimania, in southern France): Governor Al-Samh takes or re-takes Narbonne (Arbouna for the Arabs), before raiding the Toulouse area. Many town defenders and inhabitants are killed in the aftermath by the Umayyad forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050525#Europe", "title": "719", "revid": 1367050525, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to make an official visit to Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin, seeking a permanent peace settlement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#November", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › November"}}]}