{"slug": "arabic", "label": "Arabic", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955", "qid": "Q13955", "description": "Semitic language and lingua franca of the Arab world", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [328, 1923], "span_label": ["328 CE", "1923 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Arabic language"], "related": [{"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "latin", "label": "Latin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muslims", "label": "Muslims", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zoroastrianism", "label": "Zoroastrianism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "quran", "label": "Quran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "university-of-cambridge", "label": "University of Cambridge", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lakhmid-kingdom", "label": "Lakhmid kingdom", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 328, "year_label": "328 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Lakhmid king Imru' al-Qays ibn 'Amr dies. His epitaph, the Namara inscription, is an important source for the Arabic Language.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903834#Roman_Empire", "title": "328", "revid": 1364903834, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Muslims replace Zoroastrianism with Islam in Mesopotamia (later Iraq); they do not force their conquered subjects to embrace the Islamic faith, but they do require acceptance of the Quran as the doctrine of divine teaching, and will oblige their subjects to learn Arabic (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Religion", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 704, "year_label": "704 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik is recalled from Armenia to serve as governor of Egypt. He requires that government business be done in Arabic instead of Coptic. His tenure is marred by famine and corruption.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468074#Arabian_Empire", "title": "704", "revid": 1364468074, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 940, "year_label": "940 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saadia Gaon, a Jewish rabbi and philosopher, compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book) in Arabic and synagogal poetry in modern-day Iraq (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512049#Literature", "title": "940", "revid": 1341512049, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}, {"year": 1027, "year_label": "1027 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Book of Healing (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitab Al-Shifaʾ, Latin: Sufficientia), a comprehensive scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by the Persian polymath Avicenna (Abū ʿAlī ibn Sīnā), is published.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215196#Science,_technology_and_medicine", "title": "1027", "revid": 1342215196, "section": "Events › By topic › Science, technology and medicine"}}, {"year": 1270, "year_label": "1270 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480805#Europe", "title": "1270", "revid": 1362480805, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – King Philip II of Spain issues laws against the remaining Spanish Muslims, including a ban against use of the Arabic language, wearing of traditional Arab or Muslim clothing, a requirement that doors in their homes and buildings be kept open every Friday and on Muslim feast days (in order to verify that Muslim rituals are not observed), and forces the tearing down of public and private bathhouses (to prevent purification rites).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#April–June", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "A professorship in Arabic studies is founded at the University of Cambridge in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#Date_unknown", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – The first issue of Arabic language newspaper Al-Ahram is published by Saleem and Beshara Takla in Alexandria, Muhammad Ali dynasty (modern-day Egypt).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#August", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – The Egyptian Feminist Union (Arabic: الاتحاد النسائي المصري), the first nationwide feminist movement in Egypt, is founded at the home of activist Huda Sha'arawi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#March–April", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › March–April"}}]}