{"slug": "arcadia-ancient-region", "label": "Arcadia (ancient region)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia_%28ancient_region%29", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 16, "years": 15, "span": [-478, -219], "span_label": ["479 BCE", "220 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "argos-peloponnese", "label": "Argos, Peloponnese", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "agesilaus-ii", "label": "Agesilaus II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "epaminondas", "label": "Epaminondas", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-elis", "label": "Ancient Elis", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "achaea", "label": "Achaea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "peloponnese", "label": "Peloponnese", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thessaly", "label": "Thessaly", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thebes-greece", "label": "Thebes, Greece", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -478, "year_label": "479 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Persian commander Mardonius, now based in Thessaly, wins support from Argus and western Arcadia. He tries to win over Athens, but fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129373#Greece", "title": "479 BC", "revid": 1350129373, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -475, "year_label": "476 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Convicted in Sparta on the charge of accepting a bribe from the Aleudae family whilst leading an expedition to Thessaly against the family for their collaboration with the Persians, the Spartan King Leotychidas flees to the temple of Athena Alea in Tegea, Arcadia. A sentence of exile is passed upon him; his house is razed, and his grandson, Archidamus II, ascends the Spartan throne in his place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129376#Greece", "title": "476 BC", "revid": 1350129376, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -467, "year_label": "468 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sparta faces trouble near home, mainly from Arcadia with the support of Argos. Argos regains control of Tiryns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326558406#Greece", "title": "468 BC", "revid": 1326558406, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -445, "year_label": "446 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After hearing that the Spartan army had accepted bribes from Pericles, Pleistoanax, the King of Sparta, is impeached by the citizens of Sparta, but flees to exile in Arcadia. His military adviser, Cleandridas also flees and is condemned to death in his absence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372038982#Greece", "title": "446 BC", "revid": 1372038982, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -390, "year_label": "391 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Iphicrates also campaigns against Phlius and Arcadia, decisively defeating their armies and plundering the territory of the Arcadians when they refuse to engage his troops. After this victory, an Argive army marches to Corinth, and, seizing the Acrocorinth, effectively merges Argos and Corinth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367650502#Greece", "title": "391 BC", "revid": 1367650502, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -370, "year_label": "371 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "With the unexpected defeat of Sparta by the Thebans, the Arcadians decide to re-assert their independence. They rebuild Mantinea, form an Arcadian League and build a new federal city, Megalopolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282391642#Greece", "title": "371 BC", "revid": 1282391642, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -369, "year_label": "370 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartans under King Agesilaus II invade Arcadia. After appealing in vain to the Athenians for help, Arcadia turns to the Thebans. Epaminondas of Thebes arrives with an army, finds that the Spartans have retired and follows them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1274974189#Greece", "title": "370 BC", "revid": 1274974189, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -369, "year_label": "370 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "With the support of Thebes, the Arcadian capital city of Megalopolis is completed and a democratic system is set up with an Assembly of Ten Thousand and a Council of fifty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1274974189#Greece", "title": "370 BC", "revid": 1274974189, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -368, "year_label": "369 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Epaminondas briefly returns to Arcadia, then marches south to Messenia, a territory which the Spartans had conquered some 200 years before. There, Epaminondas starts the rebuilding of the ancient city of Messene on Mount Ithome, with fortifications that are among the strongest in Greece. He then issues a call to Messenian exiles all over Greece to return and rebuild their homeland. The loss of Messenia is particularly damaging to the Spartans, since the territory comprises one-third of Sparta's territory and contains half of their helot population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1256893468#Greece", "title": "369 BC", "revid": 1256893468, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -366, "year_label": "367 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Archidamus III, son of Agesilaus II of Sparta, commands a Spartan army which scores a victory over the Arcadians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291620451#Greece", "title": "367 BC", "revid": 1291620451, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -363, "year_label": "364 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartans under Archidamus III are defeated by the Arcadians at Cromnus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354174238#Greece", "title": "364 BC", "revid": 1354174238, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -330, "year_label": "331 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "While Alexander is fighting in Asia, Agis III of Sparta, profiting from the Macedonian king's absence from Greece, leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt. With Persian money and 8,000 Greek mercenaries, he holds Crete against Macedonian forces. In the Peloponnesus he routs a force under the Macedonian general Coragus and, although Athens stays neutral, he is joined by Elis, Achaea (except Pellene) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia, which Agis III's forces besiege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210205718#Greece", "title": "331 BC", "revid": 1210205718, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -314, "year_label": "315 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Apollonides initiates a raid on Arcadia during the night.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367539376#Greece", "title": "315 BC", "revid": 1367539376, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -302, "year_label": "303 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius Poliorcetes invades the Peloponnese and occupies Corinth, Sicyon, and Argos in the Peloponnese, and Achaea, Elis and almost all of Arcadia join his side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172932#Greece", "title": "303 BC", "revid": 1354172932, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -266, "year_label": "267 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Macedonia's King Antigonus II Gonatas has to deal with a rebellion by an Athenian-led coalition of Spartans (led by King Areus I of Sparta), Athenians (led by Chremonides), Arcadians and Achaeans that tries to expel the Macedonian forces located in southern Greece. The rebellion has the support of Ptolemy II of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481835#Greece", "title": "267 BC", "revid": 1370481835, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Scerdilaidas and the Aetolians invade Achaea. With the help of Cynaethan traitors, they attack, seize and burn Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#Greece", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}]}