{"slug": "argos-peloponnese", "label": "Argos, Peloponnese", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argos%2C_Peloponnese", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189901", "qid": "Q189901", "description": "city in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece", "entries": 34, "years": 32, "span": [-493, 1463], "span_label": ["494 BCE", "1463 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 28}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 20}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "alcibiades", "label": "Alcibiades", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "thebes-greece", "label": "Thebes, Greece", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "aratus-of-sicyon", "label": "Aratus of Sicyon", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "macedon", "label": "Macedon", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "peloponnese", "label": "Peloponnese", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "boeotia", "label": "Boeotia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "arcadia-ancient-region", "label": "Arcadia (ancient region)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "thessaly", "label": "Thessaly", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-elis", "label": "Ancient Elis", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -493, "year_label": "494 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan king, Cleomenes I inflicts a severe defeat on Argos at Sepeia near Tiryns (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362845788#Greece", "title": "494 BC", "revid": 1362845788, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -467, "year_label": "468 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sparta faces trouble near home, mainly from Arcadia with the support of Argos. Argos regains control of Tiryns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326558406#Greece", "title": "468 BC", "revid": 1326558406, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -461, "year_label": "462 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Argos, taking advantage of Spartan preoccupation with the revolt of its helots, finally conquers Mycenae. The inhabitants of the town are dispersed, with some finding their way into Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837683#Greece", "title": "462 BC", "revid": 1267837683, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -459, "year_label": "460 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Argos rises against Sparta. Athens supports Argos and Thessaly. The small force that is sent by Sparta to quell the uprising in Argos is defeated by a joint Athenian and Argos force at Oenoe. (Battle of Oenoe)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173290#Greece", "title": "460 BC", "revid": 1354173290, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -459, "year_label": "460 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The First Peloponnesian War breaks out between the Delian League (led by Athens) and a Peloponnesian alliance (led by Sparta), caused in part by Athens' alliance with Megara and Argos and the subsequent reaction of Sparta. The Athenians have built long walls for the Megarans to their port at Nisaea, thereby earning the enmity of Megara's old rival Corinth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173290#Greece", "title": "460 BC", "revid": 1354173290, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -450, "year_label": "451 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Hostilities among the Greek states come to a formal end with the agreement to the Five Years' Truce. Kimon negotiates a five year truce with Sparta, in which Athens agrees to abandon its alliance with Argos, while Sparta promises to give up its alliance with Thebes. During the same year Argos signs the first \"Thirty-Years Peace\" with Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326558217#Greece", "title": "451 BC", "revid": 1326558217, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -449, "year_label": "450 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Polykleitos of Argos develops a set of rules (The Canon) for constructing the ideal human figure (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172732#Arts", "title": "450 BC", "revid": 1354172732, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts"}}, {"year": -420, "year_label": "421 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades engineers an anti-Spartan alliance between Athens and the democracies of Argos, Mantinea and Elis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172919#Greece", "title": "421 BC", "revid": 1354172919, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -419, "year_label": "420 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The young and popular Alcibiades is elected \"Strategos\" (one of a board of ten generals) and begins to dominate Athenian life and politics. A Quadruple Alliance of Athens, Argos, Mantineia and Elis, which has been organised by Alcibiades (in opposition to Nicias) confronts a Spartan-Boeotian alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360316147#Greece", "title": "420 BC", "revid": 1360316147, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -418, "year_label": "419 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Despite the Peace of Nicias still being in effect, Sparta's King Agis II gathers a strong army at Philus and descends upon Argos by marching at night from the north. His allied Boeotian forces fail him, but he is able to conclude a treaty with Argos. In 419 BC, the Argives, at the instigation of Alcibiades, attacked Epidaurus; and Agis with a large force from Lacedaemon set out and marched to the frontier city of Leuctra. No one, Thucydides tells us, knew the purpose of this expedition. It was probably to make a diversion in favour of Epidaurus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151383#Greece", "title": "419 BC", "revid": 1363151383, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -417, "year_label": "418 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Mantinea is the largest land battle of the Peloponnesian War (with as many as 10,000 troops on each side). Sparta under King Agis II has a major victory over Argos (and its allies Athens, Ellis and Mantinea), which has broken its treaty with Sparta's King Agis II at the insistence of Alcibiades. Agis II's major victory makes amends with the Spartans for his earlier truce with Argos. The commander of the Athenian forces, Laches, is killed in the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221749718#Greece", "title": "418 BC", "revid": 1221749718, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -416, "year_label": "417 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second battle of Hysiae is fought between the armies of Sparta and Argos during the Peloponnesian War. The Spartan King Agis II was seeking to restore the pro-Spartan faction evicted from Argos by Alcibiades. While he failed to take the city of Argos, he did capture and subsequently destroy the town of Hysiae, killing all its male inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1237771460#Greece", "title": "417 BC", "revid": 1237771460, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -394, "year_label": "395 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Unable to defeat Agesilaus's army, Pharnabazus decides to force Agesilaus to withdraw by stirring up trouble on the Greek mainland. He dispatches Timocrates of Rhodes to visit Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Argos to incite and bribe them to act against Sparta. Timocrates succeeds in persuading powerful factions in each of those states to pursue an anti-Spartan policy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370496371#Persian_Empire", "title": "395 BC", "revid": 1370496371, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -394, "year_label": "395 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The \"Corinthian War\" begins, with Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos (with the backing of Persia) against Sparta. The Spartans prepare to send out an army against this new alliance, and order Agesilaus to return to Greece. Agesilaus sets out for Sparta with his troops, crossing the Hellespont and marching west through Thrace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370496371#Greece", "title": "395 BC", "revid": 1370496371, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -393, "year_label": "394 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The allies, Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, gather a large army at Corinth. A sizable army is sent out from Sparta to challenge this force. The two sides meet on the dry bed of the Nemea River, in Corinthian territory. In the resultant Battle of Nemea, the Spartans win a major victory over the allies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172908#Greece", "title": "394 BC", "revid": 1354172908, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -392, "year_label": "393 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fighting breaks out in Corinth between the democratic and oligarchic parties. The democrats, supported by Argos, launch an attack on their opponents, and the oligarchs are driven from the city. These exiles go to the Spartans, based at this time at Sicyon, for support, while the Athenians and Boeotians support the democrats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363862420#Greece", "title": "393 BC", "revid": 1363862420, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -390, "year_label": "391 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Iphicrates also campaigns against Phlius and Arcadia, decisively defeating their armies and plundering the territory of the Arcadians when they refuse to engage his troops. After this victory, an Argive army marches to Corinth, and, seizing the Acrocorinth, effectively merges Argos and Corinth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367650502#Greece", "title": "391 BC", "revid": 1367650502, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -387, "year_label": "388 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Agesipolis I leads a Spartan army against Argos. Since no Argive army challenges him, he plunders the countryside for a time, and then, after receiving several unfavorable omens, returns to Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210249612#Greece", "title": "388 BC", "revid": 1210249612, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -302, "year_label": "303 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius Poliorcetes invades the Peloponnese and occupies Corinth, Sicyon, and Argos in the Peloponnese, and Achaea, Elis and almost all of Arcadia join his side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172932#Greece", "title": "303 BC", "revid": 1354172932, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -271, "year_label": "272 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "As they plunder the countryside, Pyrrhus and his troops move onto Argos. Entering the city with his army by stealth, Pyrrhus finds himself caught in a confused battle with the Argives (who are supported by Antigonus' forces and a detachment from Sparta) in the narrow city streets. During the confusion an old woman watching from a rooftop throws a roof tile at Pyrrhus which stuns him, allowing an Argive soldier to kill him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172942#Greece", "title": "272 BC", "revid": 1354172942, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -270, "year_label": "271 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With the restoration of the territories captured by Pyrrhus, and with grateful allies in Sparta and Argos, and garrisons in Corinth and other Greek key cities, Antigonus II securely controls Macedonia and the other states of Greece. Antigonus becomes the chief of the Thessalian League and is on good terms with neighbouring Illyria and Thrace. He secures his position in central and south Greece by keeping Macedonian occupation forces in the cities of Corinth, Chalcis on the island of Euboea, and Demetrias in Thessaly, the three \"shackles\" of Hellas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370482485#Greece", "title": "271 BC", "revid": 1370482485, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -239, "year_label": "240 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aristomachos the Elder, Greek tyrant from Argos", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1191165485#Deaths", "title": "240 BC", "revid": 1191165485, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -238, "year_label": "239 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With Aetolia now as its ally, the Achaean League under the command of Aratus of Sicyon repeatedly attacks Athens and Argos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1212004865#Greece", "title": "239 BC", "revid": 1212004865, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -234, "year_label": "235 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aristippus, Greek tyrant of Argos", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342603103#Deaths", "title": "235 BC", "revid": 1342603103, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -228, "year_label": "229 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aratus of Sicyon brings Argos into the Achaean League and then helps liberate Athens. This brings Aratus into conflict with Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1205848400#Illyria", "title": "229 BC", "revid": 1205848400, "section": "Events › By place › Illyria"}}, {"year": -223, "year_label": "224 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After the Spartan King Cleomenes III takes on Pellene, Phlius and Argos, Aratus of Sicyon is forced to call upon King Antigonus III of Macedonia for assistance. Antigonus III's forces fail to pierce Cleomenes' lines near Corinth, but a revolt against Cleomenes at Argos put the Spartans on the defensive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172702#Greece", "title": "224 BC", "revid": 1354172702, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -222, "year_label": "223 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The king of Macedonia, Antigonus III Doson, restores Macedonian influence in the Peloponnese for the first time in almost two decades. After signing alliances with the Achaeans, Boeotians, Thessalians and the Acarnanians, Antigonus invades the Peloponnese and drives the Spartans out of Argos, taking Orchomenus and Mantineia in the process.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243366265#Greece", "title": "223 BC", "revid": 1243366265, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -196, "year_label": "197 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan ruler, Nabis, acquires the important city of Argos from Philip V of Macedon, as the price of his alliance with the Macedonians. Nabis then defects to the Romans in the expectation of being able to hold on to his conquest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698626#Greece", "title": "197 BC", "revid": 1352698626, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -195, "year_label": "196 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Flamininus accuses the Spartan ruler, Nabis, of tyranny, takes Gythium in Laconia and forces Nabis to surrender Argos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172645#Roman_Republic", "title": "196 BC", "revid": 1354172645, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths sack several cities of southern Greece including Athens, Corinth, Argos and Sparta. After the Sack of Athens, an Athenian militia force (2,000 men), under the historian Dexippus, pushes the invaders to the north where they are intercepted by the Roman army under emperor Gallienus. He wins an important victory near the Nestos River, on the boundary between Macedonia and Thrace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Roman_Empire", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 396, "year_label": "396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Revolt of Alaric I: The Visigoths, led by Alaric I, rampage through Greece and plunder Corinth, Argos and Sparta. They destroy the Temple of Eleusis, and harry the Peloponnese. Stilicho makes peace with the Goths, and allows them to settle in Epirus (Balkans).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276670607#Roman_Empire", "title": "396", "revid": 1276670607, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – After the fall of Argos the Crusaders complete their conquest of the Morea in southern Greece. The city, along with Nauplia, is given to Othon de la Roche, a Burgundian nobleman, as a fief, along with an income of 400 hyperpyron from Corinth. Meanwhile, the Venetians conquer Crete and evict Henry, Count of Malta (\"Enrico Pescatore\"), a Genoese adventurer and pirate, active in the Mediterranean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354428304#Europe", "title": "1212", "revid": 1354428304, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1394, "year_label": "1394 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – The Venetians take over possession of Argos, from Despot Theodore I Palaiologos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593498#April–June", "title": "1394", "revid": 1371593498, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1463, "year_label": "1463 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – The Ottoman Army under the command of Isa Bey Ishaković captures the town of Argos, located in Greece but territory of the Republic of Venice, prompting concerns that the Ottoman Empire intends to spread their conquests to the Italian peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359850172#April–June", "title": "1463", "revid": 1359850172, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}