{"slug": "aristocracy", "label": "Aristocracy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123432", "qid": "Q123432", "description": "form of government in which power is in the hands of a small, privileged, ruling class", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [-480, 913], "span_label": ["481 BCE", "913 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-leo-iii", "label": "Pope Leo III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-adrian-i", "label": "Pope Adrian I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "flavius-aetius", "label": "Flavius Aetius", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "patrician-ancient-rome", "label": "Patrician (ancient Rome)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "silla", "label": "Silla", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "first-bulgarian-empire", "label": "First Bulgarian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -480, "year_label": "481 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sima Niu, the highest ranking aristocrat among the disciples of Confucius", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129369#Deaths", "title": "481 BC", "revid": 1350129369, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 445, "year_label": "445 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Petronius Maximus, prominent aristocrat, is given the title of Patrician. He becomes the most honored of all non-imperial Romans, and political rival of Flavius Aetius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338118826#Europe", "title": "445", "revid": 1338118826, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 575, "year_label": "575 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Childebert II succeeds his father Sigibert I as king of Austrasia. His mother Brunhilda becomes regent and seeks protection from Guntram, king of Burgundy. He adopts Childebert as his own son and heir. A group of Frankish aristocrats rule Austrasia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658531#Europe", "title": "575", "revid": 1367658531, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 743, "year_label": "743 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Shōmu changes the law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands. This permits aristocrats and members of the clergy to cultivate land. The new farmland will be called shoin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906425#Japan", "title": "743", "revid": 1364906425, "section": "Events › By place › Japan"}}, {"year": 781, "year_label": "781 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Yang Yan, Chinese statesman, commits suicide after being accused of bribery and corruption. He is credited with reforming the tax system for peasants, reducing the power of the aristocratic classes, and eliminating their tax-free estates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848254#Asia", "title": "781", "revid": 1340848254, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 799, "year_label": "799 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Pope Leo III is physically attacked by a band of aristocratic conspirators, under the leadership of a public official who is a nephew of the late Pope Adrian I. After mistreatment and attempted disfigurement by the citizens of Rome, Leo flees to the court of King Charlemagne at Paderborn (modern Germany) to seek protection. He sends him back with Frankish agents, and restores him to the papal throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848772#Religion", "title": "799", "revid": 1340848772, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 811, "year_label": "811 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Nikephoros I organises a new campaign against the Bulgarian Empire, gathering an expeditionary force (most of the Roman army) from all parts of the empire. He is accompanied by high-ranking officials and aristocrats, including his son Stauracius and brother-in-law Michael I Rangabe (both later emperors temporarily). Krum, ruler (khan) of Bulgaria, sends envoys to sue for peace. Nikephoros refuses to accept the terms and marches through the Balkan passes towards Pliska, the Bulgarian capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655051#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "811", "revid": 1366655051, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 846, "year_label": "846 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Chang Pogo, a powerful maritime hegemon of Silla, is assassinated by aristocratic elements at his garrison headquarters by Yŏm Chang (or 841).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1308185700#Asia", "title": "846", "revid": 1308185700, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Constantine Doukas, a Byzantine general (magister militum), tries, unsuccessfully, with the support of several aristocrats to usurp the throne from the young Constantine VII. He is killed in a clash by the soldiers of the Hetaireia guard, assembled by John Eladas. His head is cut off and presented to Constantine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}