{"slug": "armenian-kingdom-of-cilicia", "label": "Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335088", "qid": "Q335088", "description": "Armenian Middle Ages state (1080–1375)", "entries": 38, "years": 35, "span": [1078, 1398], "span_label": ["1078 CE", "1398 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 10}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "manuel-i-komnenos", "label": "Manuel I Komnenos", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cairo", "label": "Cairo", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aleppo", "label": "Aleppo", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "principality-of-antioch", "label": "Principality of Antioch", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1078, "year_label": "1078 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Philaretos Brachamios abandons his claim to the Byzantine throne, on being appointed governor of Antioch, a foundation of the later Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329585949#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1078", "revid": 1329585949, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Rubenid Principality of Cilicia gains independence after its founder, Ruben I, succeeds in establishing his authority in the mountainous regions of Cilicia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Armenia", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Events › By place › Armenia"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Leo I, prince of Cilician Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Births", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1140, "year_label": "1140 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Leo I, prince of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307539#Deaths", "title": "1140", "revid": 1367307539, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – Emperor John II Komnenos Komnenos dies of a poisoned arrow wound while hunting wild boar on Mount Taurus in Cilicia. He is succeeded by his 24-year-old son Manuel I, who is chosen as his successor, in preference to his elder surviving brother Isaac. Manuel dispatches John Axouchos, his commander-in-chief (megas domestikos), to Constantinople ahead of him – with orders to arrest Isaac in the Great Palace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1145, "year_label": "1145 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ruben III, ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (d. 1187)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160818#Births", "title": "1145", "revid": 1362160818, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1158, "year_label": "1158 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Emperor Manuel I Komnenos sets out from Constantinople at the head of an expeditionary army. He marches to Cilicia; and while the main army follows the coast road eastwards Manuel hurries ahead with a force of only 500 cavalry. He manages to surprise Thoros II \"the Great\", lord of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, who participated in the attack on Cyprus in 1156. Thoros flees into the mountains and Cilicia is occupied by the Byzantines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301998061#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1158", "revid": 1301998061, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1169, "year_label": "1169 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Thoros II (\"the Great\"), prince of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367314843#Deaths", "title": "1169", "revid": 1367314843, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1175, "year_label": "1175 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Mleh I, prince of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172106#Deaths", "title": "1175", "revid": 1362172106, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1180, "year_label": "1180 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saladin intervenes in a conflict between the Zengids of Mosul and the Artuqids. He persuades the Seljuk sultanate of Rum not to become involved and proceeds to raid Cilician Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649234#Levant", "title": "1180", "revid": 1368649234, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Frederick I drowns while crossing (or bathing in) the Göksu River near Selucia (modern-day Silifke) in Armenian Cilicia. The German Crusaders are demoralized and exhausted by the summer heat, Frederick VI takes over the command of his father, carrying with him the emperor's body preserved in a barrel of vinegar. Some of the German nobles decide to return home with their followers; Frederick continues with his army (some 5,000 men) and eventually reaches Antioch, on June 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Third_Crusade", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Leo I (\"Lord of the Mountains\"), ruler of Armenian Cilicia, invites Bohemond III of Antioch to Bagras, ostensibly to resolve their differences. Upon Bohemond's arrival, Leon captures him and his family, and takes them to the capital of Sis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#Levant", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sybilla of Lusignan, queen of Lesser Armenia (d. 1230)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#Births", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6; Prince Leo II of Cilician Armenia crowned as Leo I — king of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#Levant", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1213, "year_label": "1213 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hethum I, King of Armenia, ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (d. 1270)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170181#Births", "title": "1213", "revid": 1362170181, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1219, "year_label": "1219 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – King Leo II (or Levon) of Armenian Cilicia dies, leaving only two daughters. The elder, Stephanie, is the wife of John I; the younger, Isabella, daughter of Princess Sibylla of Cyprus and Jerusalem, is three years old. Leo has promised the succession to his nephew, Raymond-Roupen of Antioch, but on his death-bed he names Isabella as his heir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345005371#Asia", "title": "1219", "revid": 1345005371, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1219, "year_label": "1219 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Leo II (or Levon), king of Armenian Cilicia (b. 1150)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345005371#Deaths", "title": "1219", "revid": 1345005371, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Raymond-Roupen, prince of Antioch, invades Armenian Cilicia, together with his mother, Alice, and establishes himself at Tarsus. There he waits for help from the Knights Hospitaller. Constantine of Baberon, a powerful Armenian nobleman and regent for Queen Isabella, marches with his forces to the Tarsus stronghold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Levant", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1226, "year_label": "1226 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – At the age of 11, Queen Isabella (Zabel), daughter of the dead King Leo, is formally crowned as the Queen of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, in a ceremony at the Armenian capital, Sis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372695704#April_–_June", "title": "1226", "revid": 1372695704, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1266, "year_label": "1266 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hethum II, king of Cilician Armenia (assassinated 1307)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320651#Births", "title": "1266", "revid": 1351320651, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1268, "year_label": "1268 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake in Cilicia occurs in 1268 northeast of the city of Adana. Over 60,000 people perished in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in southern Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318265867#Asia", "title": "1268", "revid": 1318265867, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1276, "year_label": "1276 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Margaret of Lusignan, queen consort of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (d. 1296)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344445633#Births", "title": "1276", "revid": 1344445633, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Smbat I Hetumian (or Sempad), king of Cilician Armenia (d. 1310)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Births", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1278, "year_label": "1278 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Constantine I (or III), co-ruler of Cilician Armenia (d. 1310)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334774897#Births", "title": "1278", "revid": 1334774897, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1279, "year_label": "1279 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Mamluk forces led by the 19-year-old Sultan Al-Said Barakah and Qalawun (\"the Thousander\") invade Cilician Armenia; a revolt in Egypt while they are away force Barakah to abdicate. In August, Qalawun takes over the government in Cairo and proclaims himself sultan. He sends Solamish, youngest son of former Sultan Baibars, into exile. Meanwhile, Sunqur al-Ashqar, Mamluk viceroy of Damascus, refuses to accept Qalawun's authority and begins a rebellion in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487704#Levant", "title": "1279", "revid": 1362487704, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – Two Mongol armies (some 50,000 men) advance into Syria. One is commanded by Abaqa Khan, who attacks the Mamluk fortresses along the Euphrates frontier. The second, led by his brother Möngke Temür makes contact with Leo III, king of Cilician Armenia, and then marches down through Aintab and Aleppo into the Orontes valley, where he is joined by Knights Hospitallerr and some French mercenaries. Meanwhile, Sultan Qalawun assembles his Mamluk forces at Damascus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Middle_East", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Oshin, king of Cilician Armenia (House of Lampron) (d. 1320)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Births", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Keran of Lampron, queen of Cilician Armenia (b. 1260)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Deaths", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Al-Ashraf Khalil returns to Damascus and assembles an army to attack Sis, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. An Armenian embassy arrives in Damascus, and reaches a settlement with Khalil. The cities of Til Hemdun, Marash and Behesni are given to the Mamluks in order to maintain peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Levant", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Thoros III (or Toros), king of Cilician Armenia (b. 1271)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Deaths", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Mongol forces (some 10,000 men) led by Ghazan Khan cross the Euphrates River and invade Syria. They continue south, and successfully take Aleppo. There, Ghazan is joined by forces from his vassal state of Cilician Armenia. King Hethum II leads the Armenian army (which includes Templar and Hospitaller knights). He participates during the Mongol offensive and regains all the Armenian territories which have previously been lost to the Mamluks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Levant", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – The Mongol General Bilarghu hosts the Armenian Kings Hethum II and Leo III at a banquet at his in castle at Anazarbus (now in ruins near the Turkish village of Dilekkaya). After the guests complete the banquet, Bilarghu massacres all of the Armenian royalty and nobles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#October_–_December", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1313, "year_label": "1313 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Constantine III of Armenia, king of Cilician Armenia (d. 1362)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694602#Births", "title": "1313", "revid": 1361694602, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1322, "year_label": "1322 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Al-Nasir Muhammad, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, asks for aid from the Ikhanate Mongol ruler of Iran, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, for help in modern-day southern Turkey. Al-Nasir has started a campaign against the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, led by King Oshin, and Pope John XXII has recently dispatched troops to aid the Armenians. By the time the Ikhanate troops arrive, a ceasefire has been negotiated between the Muslims and the Christians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350577150#July_–_September", "title": "1322", "revid": 1350577150, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Constantine IV, ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (modern-day southern Turkey), is assassinated; he is succeeded by his distant cousin Leo V.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#Date_unknown", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Levon of Lusignan arrives at Sis, capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and now a set of ruins near the town of Kozan, Adana in Turkey, to take the Cilician throne left vacant by the death of King Constantine IV. Marie of Korikos, Constantine's widow, has been ruling as the regent and supports Levon's the election by Cilician nobles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#July–September", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – The Mamluks from Egypt complete their conquest of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. King Levon V is imprisoned for several years in Cairo, until a ransom is paid by King John I of Castile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#April–June", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Janus succeeds his father, James I, as King of Cyprus and claimant to the throne of Armenian Cilicia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#October–December", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}