{"slug": "armenians", "label": "Armenians", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79797", "qid": "Q79797", "description": "ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands", "entries": 19, "years": 17, "span": [-695, 2023], "span_label": ["696 BCE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "hagia-sophia", "label": "Hagia Sophia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "religion", "label": "Religion", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "azerbaijan", "label": "Azerbaijan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "theophilos-emperor", "label": "Theophilos (emperor)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "safavid-dynasty", "label": "Safavid dynasty", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -695, "year_label": "696 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "696 BC—Possible migration of the Armenians (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292140577#Events_and_trends", "title": "690s BC", "revid": 1292140577, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – Mesrob, Armenian monk and linguist (b. 362)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Deaths", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 450, "year_label": "450 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Yazdegerd II summons the leading Armenian nobles to the Persian capital Ctesiphon, pressuring them to cut their ties with the Western Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334307596#Persia", "title": "450", "revid": 1334307596, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 451, "year_label": "451 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Battle of Vartanantz: King Yazdegerd II defeats the Armenian army (66,000 men) under their rebel leader Vartan Mamikonian on the Avarayr Plain (Armenia). Despite the loss of Mamikonian, who is killed, the Armenians consider this battle to have been a moral and religious victory, since Yazdegerd, out of respect for their efforts, allows them to remain Christian. The anniversary is a national and religious holiday.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361438720#Persia", "title": "451", "revid": 1361438720, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 481, "year_label": "481 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Armenians revolt against Persian rule, in an uprising that continues until 484. Led by Vahan Mamikonian, nephew of the late Vartan, they obtain religious and political freedom in return for military aid. Vahan is installed as governor (marzban).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340789382#Persia", "title": "481", "revid": 1340789382, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 484, "year_label": "484 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Nvarsak Treaty is concluded between the Persians and Armenians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749511#Asia", "title": "484", "revid": 1364749511, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Heraclius assembles a large army consisting of contingents of Byzantines, Slavs, Franks, Georgians, Armenians, and Christian Arabs. He establishes a base at Yaqusah (near Gadara), close to the edge of the Golan Heights, protecting the vital main road from Egypt to Damascus. The base is protected by deep valleys and precipitous cliffs, well supplied with water and grazing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constans II voluntarily surrenders Armenia to the Arabs, following a truce with Muawiyah, governor of Syria. Muawiyah grants the Armenians virtual autonomy, and appoints the nakharar Theodor Rshtuni as ruler of Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 756, "year_label": "756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Constantine V builds a series of fortifications along the Byzantine frontier on the Danube, and starts settling Christian Armenians and Syrians in the Thracesian Theme. In response, Kormisosh, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, demands the payment of tribute. Constantine refuses, and the Bulgars raid into Thrace, reaching the Anastasian Wall stretching between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara (near the outskirts of Constantinople).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654675#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "756", "revid": 1366654675, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 830, "year_label": "830 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Emperor Theophilos, 16, marries the Armenian noblewoman Theodora, in the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople. He chooses her during a representation of a bride-show; she becomes empress (Augusta) of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359310799#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "830", "revid": 1359310799, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 849, "year_label": "849 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Armenian prince Bagrat II begins a rebellion against Caliph Al-Mutawakkil, of the Abbasid Caliphate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129155#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "849", "revid": 1341129155, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 989, "year_label": "989 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – The Hagia Sophia at Constantinople is struck by a great earthquake, causing the collapse of the western dome arch. Basil II asks the Armenian architect Trdat, the creator of the Cathedral of Ani, to direct the repairs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624689#Art", "title": "989", "revid": 1357624689, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18): Shāh Abbas I of Persia's Safavid army captures the city of Yerevan from the Ottoman Empire after a siege. At this time the Shāh begins the expulsion of Armenians from Jolfa to New Julfa in his capital of Isfahan; more than 25,000 die during the exodus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#April–June", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "Ottoman troops burn 3,000 Armenians alive in Urfa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#December", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Adana massacre: Ottoman Turks kill 15,000–30,000 Armenian Christians, in the Adana Vilayet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#March–April", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – First Nagorno-Karabakh War: Maraga massacre – At least 43 Armenian civilians are killed as their village of Maraga, Azerbaijan, is captured and destroyed by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#April", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – First Nagorno-Karabakh War: in the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, fighting between Armenians and Azeris leaves at least 60 people dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#January", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is proclaimed by the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#January", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Azerbaijan launches a military offensive against the Armenia-backed Republic of Artsakh, which ends with a swift Azerbaijani victory. Protests erupt in Armenia, Artsakh announces the dissolution of government institutions, and over 100,000 ethnic Armenians flee Nagorno-Karabakh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#September", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › September"}}]}