{"slug": "attica", "label": "Attica", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122443", "qid": "Q122443", "description": "historical region of Greece, including the city of Athens", "entries": 14, "years": 13, "span": [-479, 1311], "span_label": ["480 BCE", "1311 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "pericles", "label": "Pericles", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "thrasybulus", "label": "Thrasybulus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cassander", "label": "Cassander", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aegina", "label": "Aegina", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "peloponnesus", "label": "Peloponnesus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lysander", "label": "Lysander", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piraeus", "label": "Piraeus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lemnos", "label": "Lemnos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "megara", "label": "Megara", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crete", "label": "Crete", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -479, "year_label": "480 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Breaking through the pass at Thermopylae from Macedonia into Greece, the Persians occupy Attica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344662#Greece", "title": "480 BC", "revid": 1342344662, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -479, "year_label": "480 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Antiphon, Attic orator (d. 411 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344662#Births", "title": "480 BC", "revid": 1342344662, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -445, "year_label": "446 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Megara joins the revolt against Athens. The strategic importance of Megara is immediately demonstrated by the appearance, for the first time in 12 years, of a Spartan army under King Pleistoanax in Attica. The threat from the Spartan army leads Pericles to arrange, by bribery and by negotiation, that Athens will give up its mainland possessions and confine itself to a largely maritime empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372038982#Greece", "title": "446 BC", "revid": 1372038982, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -430, "year_label": "431 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartans, led by King Archidamus II, invade Attica effectively starting the first phase of the Peloponnesian War, actually the second of such wars, between the Athens-led Delian League and the Sparta-led Peloponnesian League. The Spartans lay waste to the countryside around Athens. Athenian leader, Pericles, does not seriously oppose them, rather withdrawing the rural population of the country districts within Athens' city walls. Instead, he pursues active naval warfare and reduces any danger from the island of Aegina by replacing its native population with Athenians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364036128#Greece", "title": "431 BC", "revid": 1364036128, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -429, "year_label": "430 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The army of Sparta loots Attica for a second time, but Pericles is not daunted and refuses to revise his initial strategy. Unwilling to engage the Spartan army in battle, he again leads a naval expedition to plunder the coasts of the Peloponnesus, this time taking 100 Athenian ships with him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342662145#Greece", "title": "430 BC", "revid": 1342662145, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -414, "year_label": "415 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades openly joins with the Spartans and persuades them to send Gylippus to assist Syracuse and to fortify Decelea in Attica. He also encourages Ionia to revolt against Athens. As a result, a Spartan fleet soon arrives to reinforce their allies in Syracuse and a stalemate ensues.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115968#Greece", "title": "415 BC", "revid": 1300115968, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -402, "year_label": "403 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Thrasybulus leads the democratic resistance to the new oligarchic government, known as the Thirty Tyrants, that the victorious Spartans have imposed on Athens. He commands a small force of exiles that invades Attica and, in successive battles, defeats first a Spartan garrison and then the forces of the oligarchic government (which includes the Spartan general, Lysander) in the Battle of Munychia. The leader of the Thirty Tyrants, Critias, is killed in the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246106639#Greece", "title": "403 BC", "revid": 1246106639, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -392, "year_label": "393 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Pharnabazus dispatches Conon with substantial funds and a large part of the fleet to Attica, where he joins in the rebuilding of the long walls from Athens to Piraeus, a project that had been initiated by Thrasybulus in the previous year. The construction is soon completed and Athens quickly takes advantage of its walls and its fleet to seize the islands of Scyros, Imbros, and Lemnos, on which it establishes cleruchies (citizen colonies).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363862420#Greece", "title": "393 BC", "revid": 1363862420, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -306, "year_label": "307 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At the beginning of June (the 26th day of the Attic month of Thargelion: Plut. Dem. 8,3) Demetrius, son of Antigonus, launches a surprise attack on Pireaus, Athens' harbour; his forces are able to secure control of the entire port city, except the fortress on the Munychia which remains in the hands of Dionysius, the commander of Cassander's garrison in Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359452513#Greece", "title": "307 BC", "revid": 1359452513, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -303, "year_label": "304 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cassander invades Attica and besieges Athens. He captures the island of Salamis off the coast of Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355692793#Greece", "title": "304 BC", "revid": 1355692793, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Acarnanians, with Macedonian support, invade Attica, causing Athens, which has previously maintained its neutrality, to seek help from the enemies of Philip. Attalus I of Pergamum, who is with his fleet at Aegina, receives an embassy from Athens asking him to come to the city for consultations. After he is told that Roman ambassadors are also in Athens, Attalus goes there in haste.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#Greece", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -133, "year_label": "134 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Caius Fulvius Flaccus, as consul, is sent against the slaves. Uprising of 4,000 slaves crushed at Sinuessa, in Campania. Slave uprisings repressed in Attic silver mines and on the island of Delos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1175484109#Roman_Republic", "title": "134 BC", "revid": 1175484109, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -31, "year_label": "32 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sparta under Caius Iulius Eurycles, whose father Antony had been ordered to be executed for piracy, declares his support for Octavian. Lappa (modern Argyroupoli) in Attica and Kydonia in Crete revolt against Cleopatra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325920749#Roman_Republic", "title": "32 BC", "revid": 1325920749, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – The Battle of Halmyros is fought in Greece as the mercenaries of the Catalan Company defeat the Latin forces (some 15,000 men), and their allies under Walter V at Halmyros (southern Thessaly). After the battle, they take control of the Duchy of Athens. Later, Catalan forces peacefully occupy all of Attica and Boeotia, which they rule as part of Greece (until the 1380s).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#January_–_March", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › January – March"}}]}