{"slug": "augsburg", "label": "Augsburg", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2749", "qid": "Q2749", "description": "city in Bavaria, Germany", "entries": 23, "years": 22, "span": [-14, 1609], "span_label": ["15 BCE", "1609 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "principality-of-hungary", "label": "Principality of Hungary", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "switzerland", "label": "Switzerland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "imperial-diet-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "otto-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "raetia", "label": "Raetia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "munich", "label": "Munich", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "regensburg", "label": "Regensburg", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wurzburg", "label": "Würzburg", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -14, "year_label": "15 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Raeti tribes of the Alps are subjugated by Tiberius and Nero Claudius Drusus and the new Roman province of Raetia is established with Chur (in modern-day Switzerland) as its capital. During the campaign, Roman triremes destroy the fleet of the Vindelici in the Battle of Lake Constance. Augsburg is founded as Augusta Vindelicorum; and Legio XXI Rapax is stationed at Regensburg in the new province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372034323#Roman_Empire", "title": "15 BC", "revid": 1372034323, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 431, "year_label": "431 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aetius campaign in the Alps: Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), fights the rebellion in Rhaetia (Switzerland) and Noricum (Austria). He is attested in the city of Vindelicia (modern Augsburg), reestablishing Roman rule on the Danube frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311961439#Roman_Empire", "title": "431", "revid": 1311961439, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 926, "year_label": "926 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Hungarians besiege Augsburg in Bavaria, then conquer the monastery of St. Gallen (modern Switzerland). After an unsuccessful battle with the locals, they burn the suburbs of Konstanz, then they cross westwards and defeat a Frankish army led by Duke Liutfred of Alsace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509745#Europe", "title": "926", "revid": 1341509745, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 952, "year_label": "952 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – At the Reichstag in Augsburg (assembled by King Otto I), joined by German nobles and bishops, Berengar of Ivrea pays homage. He becomes a vassal of the East Frankish Kingdom. Otto leaves a strong garrison at Pavia in the hands of his son-in-law Conrad the Red, duke of Lotharingia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512696#Europe", "title": "952", "revid": 1341512696, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 953, "year_label": "953 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Liudolf, duke of Swabia, and his brother-in-law Conrad the Red rebel against King Otto I. Otto and his army fail to capture the cities of Mainz and Augsburg. He declares Liudolf and Conrad as outlaws in absentia. His brother Bruno I, archbishop of Cologne, restores royal authority in Lorraine, but some of the rebellious dukes receive support from the Hungarians. They seize the opportunity to invade Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512708#Europe", "title": "953", "revid": 1341512708, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 955, "year_label": "955 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Battle of Lechfeld: King Otto I (\"the Great\") defeats the Hungarians (also known as Magyars) near Augsburg (Germany). Otto's army (7,000 men), mainly composed of heavy cavalry, overwhelms the Hungarians along the Lech River. The German losses are heavy, among them Conrad (\"the Red\") and many other nobles. The commanders of the Hungarian army, Bulcsú, Lehel and Súr, are captured and executed. This victory puts an end to the Hungarian campaigns into western Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512718#Europe", "title": "955", "revid": 1341512718, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1013, "year_label": "1013 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Henry II (anxious to be crowned as Holy Roman Emperor) mobilises a German expeditionary army at Augsburg, to begin his second Italian military campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212600#Europe", "title": "1013", "revid": 1342212600, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1184, "year_label": "1184 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – The 18-year-old Prince Henry, eldest surviving son of Frederick I, is engaged to Princess Constance, heiress to the Kingdom of Sicily, at Augsburg in the episcopal palace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362173180#Europe", "title": "1184", "revid": 1362173180, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1276, "year_label": "1276 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Augsburg is granted the status of a free imperial city. Later this year, Ravensburg also receives the status.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344445633#Cities_and_towns", "title": "1276", "revid": 1344445633, "section": "Events › By topic › Cities and towns"}}, {"year": 1472, "year_label": "1472 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first printing of Thomas à Kempis' The Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi) is made in Augsburg after Kempis's death in 1471 it will reach 100 editions and translations by the end of the century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251690#Undated", "title": "1472", "revid": 1365251690, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1475, "year_label": "1475 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Conrad of Megenberg's book, Buch der Natur, is published in Augsburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369334832#Date_unknown", "title": "1475", "revid": 1369334832, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1484, "year_label": "1484 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – The first known book printed by a woman, Anna Rügerin, is an edition of Eike of Repgow's compendium of customary law, the Sachsenspiegel, produced in Augsburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346941150#April–June", "title": "1484", "revid": 1346941150, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1496, "year_label": "1496 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – At Augsburg, Maximilian, King of the Romans, grants an audience to Sir Christopher Urswick, the Kingdom of England's ambassador to the Empire, and informs his advisers that he believes the Ambassador is a spy gathering intelligence on the Empire's intentions toward England. Zacharia Contarini, the Empire's ambassador to France, then sends the report to the Doge of the Republic of Venice, Agostino Barbarigo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631969#April–June", "title": "1496", "revid": 1371631969, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1498, "year_label": "1498 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Gun barrel rifling is invented in Augsburg, Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363338704#Date_unknown", "title": "1498", "revid": 1363338704, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – At Augsburg, Maximilian I, Germany's King of the Romans signs a treaty with representatives of King Henry VII of England, agreeing not to provide assistance to English rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#July–September", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Paolo Ricci (Camillo Renato) moves to Augsburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#Date_unknown", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Fuggerei is established in Augsburg (Bavaria), as the world's oldest social housing complex still in use.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#Date_unknown", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Sixty Anabaptists meet at the Martyrs' Synod in Augsburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#July–September", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – At the invitation of the Holy Roman Emperor, the members of the Imperial Diet open their session at Augsburg in Germany to prepare the Augsburg Confession, an official imperial set of rules for Protestantism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#April–June", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, issues letters from his winter residence in Bologna, inviting members of the Imperial Diet to convene at Augsburg on April 8 to discuss various theological questions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#January–March", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1552, "year_label": "1552 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony, liberates Augsburg and sets about to capture Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364394581#April–June", "title": "1552", "revid": 1364394581, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Welser banking families of Augsburg lose colonial control of Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#Date_unknown", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – The German Catholic League is formed in Munich by Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria to counteract the Protestant Union. Maximilian assembles representatives from Augsburg, Konstanz, Passau, Regensburg, and Würzburg in an alliance \"for the defense of the Catholic religion and peace\" within the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365588617#July–September", "title": "1609", "revid": 1365588617, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}