{"slug": "aurangzeb", "label": "Aurangzeb", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485547", "qid": "Q485547", "description": "the sixth Mughal Emperor from 1658 to 1707", "entries": 29, "years": 20, "span": [1633, 1759], "span_label": ["1633 CE", "1759 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mughal-empire", "label": "Mughal Empire", "shared": 20}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "maratha-confederacy", "label": "Maratha Confederacy", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "shah-jahan", "label": "Shah Jahan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "shivaji", "label": "Shivaji", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "agra", "label": "Agra", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "hinduism", "label": "Hinduism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rajasthan", "label": "Rajasthan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dhaka", "label": "Dhaka", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maratha-empire", "label": "Maratha Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "madhya-pradesh", "label": "Madhya Pradesh", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – Aurangzeb, Crown Prince of the Mughal Empire in India, narrowly escapes death when an elephant stampedes through his encampment, but is able to defend himself with a lance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#April–June", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1658, "year_label": "1658 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – In India, the Battle of Dharmat is fought in the modern-day state of Madhya Pradesh between rival claimants to the throne of the Mughal Empire. Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, the son of the Emperor Shah Jahan, leads 30,000 men in a triumph over 22,000 troops led by Jaswant Singh of Marwar and Ratan Singh Rathore. Despite heavy losses, with more than 11,000 casualties, Prince Muhi, who has adopted the name Aurangzeb, continues toward Samugarh and Agra and captures the throne at the end of July.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986033#April–June", "title": "1658", "revid": 1365986033, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1658, "year_label": "1658 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – After Shah Jahan completes the Taj Mahal, his son Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the Mughal Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986033#July–September", "title": "1658", "revid": 1365986033, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1658, "year_label": "1658 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Aurangzeb wins the Battle of Samugarh as Indian Mughal regent Dara Shikoh makes a last effort to defend the Mughal capital Agra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986033#April–June", "title": "1658", "revid": 1365986033, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1659, "year_label": "1659 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Prince Dara Shikoh, who had been the heir apparent to the throne of the Mughal Empire in India until the overthrow of his father, Shah Jahan, makes a stand near Ajmer to fight the armies sent by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, but loses and is forced to flee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986380#January–March", "title": "1659", "revid": 1365986380, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Prince Murad Bakhsh, younger brother of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, is executed at Gwailor Fort on order of his brother.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986603#October–December", "title": "1661", "revid": 1365986603, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – Shah Shuja, who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brother Aurangzeb, then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence at Arakan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986603#January–March", "title": "1661", "revid": 1365986603, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in India between representatives of the Mughal Empire and the independent Ahom Kingdom (in what is now the Assam state), with the Mughals ending their occupation of the Ahom capital of Garhgaon, in return for payment by Ahom in silver and gold for costs of the occupation, and King Sutamla of Ahom sending one of his daughters to be part of the harem of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#January–March", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1665, "year_label": "1665 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Shivaji, leader of the Bhonsale clan of the Marathas in India, signs the Treaty of Purandar with the Mughal Empire, giving up 23 of the 35 forts under his control, agreeing to pay reparations to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, and sending his son to stay as a hostage at Agra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988545#April–June", "title": "1665", "revid": 1365988545, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – Mughal conquest of Chittagong: Mughal forces of Emperor Aurangzeb, in alliance with the Portuguese, under Shaista Khan and his son Buzurg Umed Khan, expel the Maghs from the Bengal port city of Chittagong, renaming the city as Islamabad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988943#January–March", "title": "1666", "revid": 1365988943, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – In India, General Shivaji Bhonsale of the Maratha Empire arrives at the Agra Fort for a meeting with Emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire, as part of the terms of peace under the 1665 Treaty of Purandar. After taking offence at the disrespect shown to him, he gets angry and attempts to leave; he and his son Sambhaji are immediately placed under arrest and imprisoned at the fort.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988943#April–June", "title": "1666", "revid": 1365988943, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb grants the French East India Company a royal mandate to trade at the port of Surat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988943#July–September", "title": "1666", "revid": 1365988943, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "After Shivaji's escape, hostilities between the Marathas and the Mughals ebb, with Mughal sardar Jaswant Singh acting as intermediary between Shivaji and Aurangzeb for new peace proposals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#Date_unknown", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Emperor Aurangzeb, ruler of the Mughal Empire in India, orders a massive counterattack on Assam's Ahom kingdom after learning that Mughal troops had captured Guwahati. Aurangzeb appoints Raja Ram Singh to command a force of 36,000 infantry, 18,000 cavalry, 2,000 archers and 40 ships to conquer Ahom. The war lasts until the defeat of the Mughals by the smaller Ahom force in March 1671.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#October–December", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's dereliction of duty in battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#January–March", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Prince Prithviraj Singh, eldest son of the Maharaja Jaswant Singh of the Kingdom of Marwar (within India's Mughal Empire, part of the modern-day Rajasthan state) dies painfully at the age of 14, supposedly after putting on a khalat (a ceremonial robe) given to him by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. According to the folklore of Marwar, the khalat was actually a garment infused with poison that penetrated the skin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#April–June", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Aurangzeb, the Muslim Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India, issues a firman decree for the protection of all Hindu temples and schools in his kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366419040#April–June", "title": "1669", "revid": 1366419040, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – In India, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb learns of a rebellion of Hindu residents of in various parts of the Mathurá where he had given the order for the destruction of non-Muslim temples, with rioting in Mauza' Rewarah, Chandarkah, and Surkhrú. The Emperor's historian, Saqi Mustaid Khan, records Aurangzeb's dispatch of General Hasan 'Ali Khán to attack the rebels, and 300 of them are \"sent to perdition\" while the Mughals lose \"many imperial soldiers\". Another 250 surviving rebels are arrested. Kokilá Ját, leader of the rebels, is among the prisoners put to death a month later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366419040#October–December", "title": "1669", "revid": 1366419040, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – The Muslim emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India issues an order for the destruction of all Hindu temples and schools in the empire, including the Keshvadeva Temple in Mathura.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368809725#January–March", "title": "1670", "revid": 1368809725, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Muhammad Azam Shah is appointed as the Mughal Governor of Bengal by his father, the Emperor Aurangzeb, but serves for a little more than a year before being recalled from Dhaka.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368552109#July–September", "title": "1678", "revid": 1368552109, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb returns control of Bengal to the local Nawab of Murshidabad after removing his son, Prince Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam, from the position of Mughal Governor of Dhaka.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#October–December", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Prince Muhammad Akbar, son of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, initiates a civil war in India. With the support of troops from the Rajput states, Akbar declares himself the new Mughal Emperor and prepares to fight his father, but is ultimately defeated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#January–March", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Bahadur, son of the Emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India, is dispatched along with other Mughal nobles on an invasion of Konkan, the area on the southwestern Indian coast under the control of the Maratha Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#July–September", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – An attack on a Mughal Empire envoy, Khwajah Abdur Rahim, outside of the Maratha fortress at the Bijapur Fort in India leads to a siege of the city by the forces of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The siege lasts for 15 months before Bijapur surrenders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#January–March", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1687, "year_label": "1687 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – The Siege of Golconda, ordered by Emperor Aurangzeb of India's Mughal Empire against the capital of the Golconda sultanate, ends after nine months when a traitor inside the walled city, Sarandaz Khan, opens the first of several entrances into the fortress. The Sultan Abul Hasan Qutb Shah is taken prisoner by General Mir Shahab ud-Din, and Golconda (now part of Hyderabad in the Telangana state).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363302904#July–September", "title": "1687", "revid": 1363302904, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1692, "year_label": "1692 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Maratha Empire General Santaji Ghorpade defeats Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's General Alimardan Khan, captures him and brings him back to fort Jinjee near Madras.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365636017#October–December", "title": "1692", "revid": 1365636017, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1698, "year_label": "1698 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The Maratha Empire fort at Gingee falls after a siege of almost nine years by the Mughal Empire as King Rajaram escapes to safety. General Swarup Singh Bundela, who led the scaling of the fortress walls and Gingee's capture, is rewarded by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb with command of the area.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370144847#January–March", "title": "1698", "revid": 1370144847, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Alamgir II, the Mughal Emperor of India, is assassinated in a conspiracy orchestrated by his Prime Minister, Imad-ul-Mulk. The Shah Alam II, a grandson of the 17th century Emperor Aurangzeb, is made the new Mughal Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#October–December", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}