{"slug": "ba-athist-iraq", "label": "Ba'athist Iraq", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108185", "qid": "Q3108185", "description": "Republic of Iraq from 1968 to 2003 during the time of Ba'athism", "entries": 18, "years": 11, "span": [1972, 2003], "span_label": ["1972 CE", "2003 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "united-nations-security-council", "label": "United Nations Security Council", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kuwait", "label": "Kuwait", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-nations", "label": "United Nations", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kurds", "label": "Kurds", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bill-clinton", "label": "Bill Clinton", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June", "text": "June – Iraq nationalizes the Iraq Petroleum Company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#June", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge: Iraqi president Saddam Hussein arranges the arrest and later execution of nearly seventy members of his ruling Ba'ath Party.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#July", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Iran accuses Iraq of using chemical weapons; the United Nations condemns their use on March 30.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#March", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Start of Anfal campaign, a genocidal counterinsurgency operation within the Iran–Iraq War carried out by Ba'athist Iraqi forces led by Ali Hassan al-Majid on the orders of President Saddam Hussein that will kill between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#February", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Gulf War: Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#August", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Gulf War: With United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to its invasion of Kuwait.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#August", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – Iraq hangs Iranian journalist Farzad Bazoft for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#March", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes UN Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing military intervention in Iraq if that state does not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15, 1991.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#November", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm begins with air strikes against Iraq.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#January", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The Executive Chairman of UNSCOM details Iraq's refusal to abide by UN Security Council disarmament resolutions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#February", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Iraq agrees to allow UN weapons inspectors to search the Iraqi Agricultural Ministry building in Baghdad. When inspectors arrive on July 28 and 29, they find nothing and voice suspicions that Iraqi records have been removed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#July", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6–29 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses a UN inspection team access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM claims that it has reliable information that the site contains archives related to illegal weapons activities. UN inspectors stage a 17-day \"sit-in\" outside of the building, but leave when their safety is threatened by Iraqi soldiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#July", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Iraq formally rescinds its claims over Kuwait, which it has claimed as a province since 1990 and had administered under military occupation until 1991 when it was ejected by an international coalition during the Persian Gulf War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#November", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. President Bill Clinton orders airstrikes on Iraq. UNSCOM withdraws all weapons inspectors from Iraq.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#December", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 1441, forcing Iraq to either disarm or face \"serious consequences\". Iraq agrees to the terms of the resolution on November 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652846#November", "title": "2002", "revid": 1372652846, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Millions of people worldwide take part in massive anti-war protests in anticipation of the United States and its allies invading Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein's regime.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#February", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell gives a speech to the United Nations presenting the case for a military invasion of Iraq. It will later be discovered that the United States Bush administration misled him when preparing his testimony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#February", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – The Iraq War begins with the invasion of Iraq by the United States and allied forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#March", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › March"}}]}