{"slug": "balkh", "label": "Balkh", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkh", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182159", "qid": "Q182159", "description": "capital of Balkh District, Afghanistan", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-328, 1850], "span_label": ["329 BCE", "1850 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "greater-khorasan", "label": "Greater Khorasan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bactria", "label": "Bactria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "herat", "label": "Herat", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rashidun-army", "label": "Rashidun army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "transoxiana", "label": "Transoxiana", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tabaristan", "label": "Tabaristan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "al-mu-tadid", "label": "Al-Mu'tadid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -328, "year_label": "329 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Marching west to Bactra (Zariaspa), Alexander appoints Artabazus of Phrygia as the satrap of Bactria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356261159#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "329 BC", "revid": 1356261159, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -327, "year_label": "328 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Understanding now the danger represented by his enemy, Alexander moves personally to relieve Maracanda, only to learn that Spitamenes has left Sogdiana. Spitamenes then attacks Bactra, from where he is repulsed with great difficulty by the satrap of Bactria, Artabazus of Phrygia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353522998#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "328 BC", "revid": 1353522998, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -207, "year_label": "208 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III advances into Bactria, which is ruled by the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I, and defeats Euthydemus at the Battle of the Arius. After resisting a siege of his capital Bactra (Balkh) by the Seleucids, Euthydemus obtains an honourable peace by which Antiochus promises Euthydemus' son Demetrius the hand of one of his daughters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364334903#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "208 BC", "revid": 1364334903, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Perso-Turkic War: The Sassanid Persians capture the cities Balkh and Herat (Afghanistan). They cross the Oxus River and repulse a Turkic invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Persia", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 651, "year_label": "651 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Rashidun army under Abdullah ibn Aamir invades Afghanistan, and captures the main forts in Khorasan (modern Iran). The Muslim Arabs occupy the cities of Balkh and Herat, which surrender peacefully.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804418#Arabian_Caliphate", "title": "651", "revid": 1340804418, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Caliphate"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Forces under the Transoxianian emir Isma'il ibn Ahmad are victorious at Balkh (Northern Afghanistan) over Amr ibn al-Layth; the latter is captured and sent to Caliph Al-Mu'tadid in Baghdad. The Samanid Dynasty rules over Khorasan, as well as Transoxiana. A few months later, the Samanids conquer the Zaydid emirate of Tabaristan. This victory marks the beginning of the dispersion of the local Shi'ites by the new Sunni power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – Genghis Khan dispatches his youngest son Tolui, at the head of an army (around 50,000 men), into the Khwarazmian province of Khorasan. His forces also include 300 catapults, 700 mangonels to discharge pots filled with naphtha, 4,000 storming-ladders, and 2,500 sacks of earth for filling up moats. Among the first cities to fall is Termez (captured after a two-day siege) and later Balkh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Dost Mohammad Barakzai, emir of Afghanistan, captures Balkh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#Date_unknown", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}