{"slug": "barcelona", "label": "Barcelona", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1492", "qid": "Q1492", "description": "city in Catalonia, Spain", "entries": 36, "years": 36, "span": [415, 2017], "span_label": ["415 CE", "2017 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "catalonia", "label": "Catalonia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "moors", "label": "Moors", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "narbonne", "label": "Narbonne", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "crown-of-aragon", "label": "Crown of Aragon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "principality-of-catalonia", "label": "Principality of Catalonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "james-i-of-aragon", "label": "James I of Aragon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "war-of-the-spanish-succession", "label": "War of the Spanish Succession", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "john-ii-of-aragon", "label": "John II of Aragon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 415, "year_label": "415 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths invade the Iberian Peninsula and begin to conquer territory taken previously by the Vandals. King Athaulf and his pregnant wife Galla Placidia leave Gallia Narbonensis; they relocate at Barcelona. Their infant son, Theodosius, dies in infancy, eliminating an opportunity for a Roman-Visigothic line. Athaulf is assassinated in the palace while taking a bath. Sigeric succeeds him, but after a reign of seven days he is also murdered.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367501934#Roman_Empire", "title": "415", "revid": 1367501934, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 531, "year_label": "531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Childebert I defeats the Visigoths and conquers the capital Narbonne. Amalaric flees south to Barcelona, where he is assassinated by his own men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343342#Europe", "title": "531", "revid": 1351343342, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tariq ibn Ziyad conquers the cities of Barcelona and Narbonne, where Visigothic nobles accept Umayyad overlordship, in return for autonomy in Septimania (Southern France). Muslims also raid Avignon and Lyon (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Arabian_Empire", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 985, "year_label": "985 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – The city of Barcelona is sacked by Moorish troops under Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus (modern-day Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468346#Europe", "title": "985", "revid": 1364468346, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1114, "year_label": "1114 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Count Ramon Berenguer III (the Great) of Barcelona, joins the expedition to the Balearic Islands. A Pisan and Catalan fleet (some 450 ships), supported by a large army, conquer Ibiza and Mallorca. They destroy the bases on the islands used by Moorish pirates to prey on Mediterranean shipping.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184492#Europe", "title": "1114", "revid": 1369184492, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pedro Nolasco founds the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy in Barcelona, Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Religion", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, whose followers are called the Mercedarians, is legally constituted in Barcelona by King James I of Aragon. It will receive papal approval 12 years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#July–September", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1269, "year_label": "1269 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September", "text": "September – An Aragonese contingent under King James I (\"the Conqueror\") sails from Barcelona to the Holy Land but is caught in a storm and badly damaged. One squadron reaches Acre, but later returns to Catalonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343645386#Europe", "title": "1269", "revid": 1343645386, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – In Barcelona, Prince Alfonso \"the Kind\" becomes the new King of Aragon upon the death of his father, King Jaime II, and is enthroned as King Alfonso IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#October_–_December", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain. Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#April–June", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – The coronation of Martin of Aragon as King takes place in Barcelona. His wife Maria de Luna is crowned as the Queen consort takes place on April 23.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#April–June", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1465, "year_label": "1465 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – In the Catalan Civil War, the Battle of Calaf is fought and Pedro V, the self-proclaimed King of Aragon, is defeated near Barcelona by the legitimate King, Juan II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370409749#January–March", "title": "1465", "revid": 1370409749, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1472, "year_label": "1472 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – The Catalan Civil War comes to an end as Barcelona surrenders to King Juan II of Aragon with the signing of the Capitulation of Pedralbes by the rebel leader Hugh Roger III of Pallars Sobirà, guaranteeing the rights of the Principality of Catalonia in return for allegiance to the Kingdom of Aragon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251690#October–December", "title": "1472", "revid": 1365251690, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – The fall of the meteorite of Barcelona is seen and heard over distances up to hundreds of kilometres and is interpreted as a divine sign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#October–December", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – War of the Spanish Succession: After a siege of 14 days, a French and Spanish army fails to take control of Barcelona, which had been captured by Habsburg armies in 1705.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#April–June", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1714, "year_label": "1714 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – War of the Spanish Succession: Barcelona is taken after a year's siege, and Catalonia surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366497107#July–September", "title": "1714", "revid": 1366497107, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – French Revolutionary Wars: Action of 6 May 1801 off Barcelona – British Royal Navy brig HMS Speedy, although outmanned and outgunned, captures the 32-gun Spanish frigate El Gamo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370397745#April–June", "title": "1801", "revid": 1370397745, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – War of the Sixth Coalition – Barcelona is restored to Spanish Bourbon rule as the French garrison leaves the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#April–June", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Barcelona–Mataró railroad route (the first to be constructed in the Iberian Peninsula) is inaugurated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#October–December", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – The Canellas meteorite, an 859 gram chondrite type meteorite, strikes Earth near Barcelona, Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#May", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Antoni Gaudí begins to work on the Sagrada Família Cathedral in Barcelona (it was consecrated in 2010)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#Date_unknown", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1887, "year_label": "1887 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Publication in Barcelona of Enrique Gaspar's El anacronópete, the first work of fiction to feature a time machine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363052310#Date_unknown", "title": "1887", "revid": 1363052310, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25–August 2 – \"Tragic Week\" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#July–August", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Fashion and perfumes company Puig is founded in Barcelona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#Date_unknown", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed in Madrid. Meanwhile, as a result of the victory of the Republican Left of Catalonia, Francesc Macià proclaims in Barcelona the Catalan Republic, as a state of the Iberian Federation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#April", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez for classical guitar and orchestra premieres in Barcelona, Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#November", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – ¡Hola! magazine is launched in Barcelona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#September", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – A flash flood in Barcelona, Spain, kills more than 440 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#September", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – All 112 people on board Dan-Air Flight 1903 are killed when the chartered British De Havilland Comet crashes into mountains north of Barcelona through navigational error.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#July", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The president of Catalonia, Josep Tarradellas, returns to Barcelona from exile and the autonomous government of Catalonia, the Generalitat, is restored.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#October", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – The International Olympic Committee chooses Albertville, France to be the host city of the 1992 Winter Olympics and Barcelona, Spain to be the host city of the 1992 Summer Olympics. The IOC also announces that the summer and winter games will separate with the winter games on every even, common year; and the summer games on every leap year starting from 1992.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#October", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – Hipercor bombing: the Basque terrorist group ETA perpetrate a car-bomb attack at an Hipercor market in Barcelona, killing 21 and wounding 45.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#June", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Milan of Italy wins the European Cup beating Steaua București of Romania 4–0 in Barcelona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#May", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25–August 9 – The 1992 Summer Olympics are held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#July", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – The 1999 UEFA Champions League final takes place at the Camp Nou Stadium, Barcelona, in which the English side Manchester United defeats the German side Bayern Munich 2–1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#May", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – 2017 Barcelona attacks: 22-year-old Younes Abouyaaqoub drives a van into pedestrians on La Rambla in Barcelona, killing 13 people and injuring at least 130 others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#August", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › August"}}]}