{"slug": "bari", "label": "Bari", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519", "qid": "Q3519", "description": "Italian city, capital of the Apulia region", "entries": 23, "years": 23, "span": [847, 1943], "span_label": ["847 CE", "1943 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 19}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "adriatic-sea", "label": "Adriatic Sea", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "catepanate-of-italy", "label": "Catepanate of Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "norman-conquest-of-southern-italy", "label": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-benevento", "label": "Duchy of Benevento", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "principality-of-capua", "label": "Principality of Capua", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "robert-guiscard", "label": "Robert Guiscard", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "otto-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "saracens", "label": "Saracens", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 847, "year_label": "847 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Saracens, under the Berber leader Kalfun, capture the Byzantine city of Bari (Southern Italy). He becomes the first ruler of the Emirate of Bari, and expands his influence on the Italian mainland with raids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348153742#Europe", "title": "847", "revid": 1348153742, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 869, "year_label": "869 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor Louis II against the Saracens. He sends a Byzantine fleet of 400 ships (according to the Annales Bertiniani), under the command of Admiral Niketas Ooryphas, to support Louis (who is besieging the city port of Bari) and to clear the south of the Adriatic Sea of Muslim raiders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369351830#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "869", "revid": 1369351830, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 871, "year_label": "871 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Franco-Lombard forces, aided by a Croatian fleet (of Sclaveni), led by Emperor Louis II, capture Bari, capital of the Emirate of Bari in Southern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129558#Europe", "title": "871", "revid": 1341129558, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "At the invitation of Benevento, the newly-restored Byzantine fleet appears in the waters off Otranto. On the orders of Emperor Basil I, the Byzantines sail up the Adriatic Sea and reconquer part of southern Italy. The city of Bari is occupied in the name of the Byzantine Empire. Instead of holding it for his 'ally' Adelchis of Benevento, Basil makes it the capital of the new Byzantine Theme of Longobardia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 895, "year_label": "895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Guy IV, duke of Spoleto, conquers Benevento (after the Byzantines have moved the capital of Byzantine Italy from Benevento to Bari). Guy makes himself prince, thereby uniting the two Italian states. The Byzantines attempt to retake Benevento, but are defeated by Lombard troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093921#Europe", "title": "895", "revid": 1346093921, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 968, "year_label": "968 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Otto I (the Great) travels to Capua to meet there with ambassadors of Nikephoros II, who again reiterate their friendship, but refuse to consent to his dowry demands (see 967). Otto invades the Byzantine Theme of Langobardia with a Lombard expeditionary force. With the assistance of Benevento-Capua and naval support from Pisa, Otto attempts to take Bari by assault, but Byzantine resistance is stiff, and Otto withdraws back to Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919231#Europe", "title": "968", "revid": 1364919231, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 969, "year_label": "969 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pandulf Ironhead, duke of Benevento and Capua, leads the siege of Bovino. He is captured by the Byzantines and taken in chains to Bari, and jailed in Constantinople. Neapolitan forces under Marinus II, duke of Naples, invade Benevento-Capua, capture the city of Avellino and then lay siege to Capua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590679#Europe", "title": "969", "revid": 1365590679, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 970, "year_label": "970 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Byzantine-Imperial truce: Emperor Otto I (the Great) meets with John I at Bari and accepts a permanent peace agreement. Pandulf I (Ironhead) is released from captivity in Constantinople (see 969).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261460#Europe", "title": "970", "revid": 1365261460, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 987, "year_label": "987 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The population of Bari revolts against the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468366#Europe", "title": "987", "revid": 1364468366, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1004, "year_label": "1004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Venetian-Byzantine forces defeat the Saracens at Bari. The citadel is on the brink of capitulation after a 3 day siege. Giovanni, a son of Doge Pietro Orseolo II, is married to the Byzantine princess Maria Argyra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369529611#Europe", "title": "1004", "revid": 1369529611, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1009, "year_label": "1009 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus, an Italian nobleman, revolt in Bari against the Catepanate of Italy (a province of the Byzantine Empire). He and his brother-in-law Dattus (or Datto) mobilise a large army and invade southern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910037#Europe", "title": "1009", "revid": 1341910037, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1011, "year_label": "1011 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Lombard Revolt: Mahmoud the Fat of Bari rises up against the Lombard rebels, led by Melus, and delivers the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy. Melus is forced to flee to Salerno, and his brother-in-law Dattus escapes to Monte Cassino, but their families are taken captive, and carted off to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368048875#Europe", "title": "1011", "revid": 1368048875, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1024, "year_label": "1024 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Basil Boioannes, Byzantine general and governor of the Catapanate of Italy, sails from Bari across the Adriatic Sea to begin an invasion of Croatia, ruled by Krešimir III. He later takes Kresimir's wife as a hostage, transporting her to Bari and then to Constantinople as a hostage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213215#July–September", "title": "1024", "revid": 1342213215, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Norman conquest of southern Italy: Norman forces under Robert Guiscard (duke of Apulia and Calabria) lay siege to the Byzantine city of Bari.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Europe", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1069, "year_label": "1069 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Romanos IV sends a Byzantine fleet (supported with an army) to relieve the siege of Bari. The Normans under Robert Guiscard defeat the Byzantines, and occupy the cities of Gravina and Obbiano in Apulia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243049384#Europe", "title": "1069", "revid": 1243049384, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1071, "year_label": "1071 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Siege of Bari: The capital of Bari, the last Byzantine-controlled city in the Catepanate of Italy, is captured by Italo-Norman forces under Duke Robert Guiscard after a 32-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932306#Europe", "title": "1071", "revid": 1332932306, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1087, "year_label": "1087 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – The relics of Saint Nicholas, patron saint of seafarers, are stolen by Italian sailors from his church in Myra (modern Turkey) and transported to Bari in southern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365262622#Religion", "title": "1087", "revid": 1365262622, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "August – Hugh (\"the Great\"), count of Vermandois (a brother of King Philip I), departs to join the First Crusade. He travels with a small army via the Alps to Rome. While sailing the Adriatic Sea from Bari to Dyrrachium his fleet is reduced by shipwreck. Hugh's own ship is stranded on the shore near Epirus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#First_Crusade", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1129, "year_label": "1129 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – Roger II of Sicily gains recognition as duke at Melfi from the Norman nobles of Naples, Bari, Capua, Salerno and other cities that have resisted him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329978071#Europe", "title": "1129", "revid": 1329978071, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Lothair III invades southern Italy in response to the appeal of Emperor John II Komnenos (see 1135) and conquers Apulia from King Roger II of Sicily. Duke Grimoald of Bari, supported by Lothair III, rebels against Roger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Europe", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Bari rebels against King William I (\"the Bad\") of Sicily and recognizes the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos as its overlord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#Europe", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1156, "year_label": "1156 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – King William I (the Bad) lands with a Sicilian expeditionary force in Apulia. He defeats the Byzantine army at Brindisi and recaptures Bari.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168074#Europe", "title": "1156", "revid": 1362168074, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – WWII: Bari chemical warfare disaster: A surprise Luftwaffe air raid on Bari, Italy sinks 28 Allied ships in the harbor, including the American Liberty ship , releasing its secret cargo of mustard gas bombs, inflating the number of casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#December", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › December"}}]}