{"slug": "bedouin", "label": "Bedouin", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouin", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180688", "qid": "Q180688", "description": "Arab nomads who historically nomadized between North Africa and the Middle East", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [630, 2025], "span_label": ["630 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "nile-delta", "label": "Nile Delta", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hafsid-dynasty", "label": "Hafsid dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saladin", "label": "Saladin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "latakia", "label": "Latakia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ramla", "label": "Ramla", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mecca", "label": "Mecca", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 630, "year_label": "630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January", "text": "January – Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to Ta'if (Western Arabia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803540#Arabia", "title": "630", "revid": 1340803540, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: The Rashidun army (4,000 men), under the command of 'Amr ibn al-'As, invades Byzantine Egypt. They capture the strategic town of Pelusium (Nile Delta) after a two-month siege. Arab reinforcements led by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam are sent from Medina to assist Amr's army. The losses incurred by the Muslims are ameliorated by Sinai Bedouins, tribes of Rashida and Lakhm; they join the invaders in conquering Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Arabian_Empire", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1012, "year_label": "1012 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The climax of the Bedouin anti-Fatimid rebellion in Palestine is reached. Abu'l-Futuh al-Hasan ibn Ja'far is acclaimed as anti-Caliph with the title of al-Rashid bi-llah (\"Righteous with God\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271481#Arabian_Empire", "title": "1012", "revid": 1365271481, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamped near Azaz, where they were encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1052, "year_label": "1052 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Haydaran: The Zirid dynasty is defeated by the invading Bedouin Arab tribes of the Banu Hilal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350127696#Africa", "title": "1052", "revid": 1350127696, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1065, "year_label": "1065 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Great German Pilgrimage of 1064–65: A large pilgrimage led by Siegfried I (archbishop of Mainz) arrives in Jerusalem after having been attacked by Bedouin bandits. Two weeks later (in April) they return to Ramla and take ships back to Latakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271706#Religion", "title": "1065", "revid": 1365271706, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Saladin leads an expeditionary army against the Bedouin tribes in Oultrejordain to secure a route between Egypt and Syria. He raids the region at Kerak Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Egypt", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I, ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate, is overthrown by the Bedouin rebellion, led by Abd al-Aziz I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Africa", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hafsid forces under Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya (half-brother of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I) reconquer Tunis and reinstall the Hafsid dynasty as the dominating power in Ifriqiya. This ends the Bedouin rebellion started in 1283.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#Africa", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – In Egypt, the Sultan Sayf al-Din Inal confronts a revolt of 500 of his ethnic Circassian slave-troops (mamluks) after rejecting the soldiers' requests for camels to accompany them on an expedition against Bedouin invaders in the Nile Delta. After attempting to assassinate the Sultan's secretary, Yunus al-Aqba'i, the rebels join discontented Zahiri troops and besieged the Cairo Citadel. Facing a withdrawal of support from the Egyptian Caliph, the Sultan eventually meets the rebels' demands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371446040#April–June", "title": "1455", "revid": 1371446040, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 (10 Safar 1171 A.H.) – 1757 Hajj caravan raid: Bedouin warriors of the Bani Sakher confederacy conduct a massive assault against a caravan of thousands of Muslim travelers who are on their way back to Damascus after the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. The attack, made at Hallat Ammar after the group has been resupplied at Tabuk, leads to the annihilation of 20,000 of the pilgrims. Those who are not killed outright die later in the desert from thirst and starvation. According to one Arabic source, the largest attack takes place on October 24.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April", "text": "April – The previous discovery of the 'Dead Sea Scrolls' in the Qumran Caves (above the northwest shore of the Dead Sea) by Bedouin shepherds, becomes known.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#April", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Several clashes erupt in southern Syria between armed Druze and Bedouin groups.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#July", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › July"}}]}