{"slug": "belarus", "label": "Belarus", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184", "qid": "Q184", "description": "country in Eastern Europe", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [800, 2021], "span_label": ["800 CE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "russia", "label": "Russia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ukraine", "label": "Ukraine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kievan-rus", "label": "Kievan Rus'", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-northern-war", "label": "Great Northern War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wadysaw-ii-jagieo", "label": "Władysław II Jagiełło", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jadwiga-of-poland", "label": "Jadwiga of Poland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 800, "year_label": "800 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Rus' Khaganate is created by people who are called Rus', after the 182-year dominance of the Khazars. This is the starting period of the rise of the Kievan Rus', and the later states of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367075277#Europe", "title": "800", "revid": 1367075277, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1067, "year_label": "1067 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Minsk and Orsha are first mentioned in the chronicles, making them two of the oldest cities in Belarus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260536#Europe", "title": "1067", "revid": 1365260536, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction of the Tower of Kamyenyets (or the White Tower) in Belarus begins. Later, it becomes a frontier stronghold on the northern border of Volhynia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Europe", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1386, "year_label": "1386 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Union of Krewo: A delegation of Poland's nobles visits the Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania at Valkaviskas", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359789728#January–March", "title": "1386", "revid": 1359789728, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – Grand Duke Sigismund of Lithuania signs a document at Grodno", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#October–December", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – During the Glinski rebellion, Lithuanian noble Mykolas Glinskis attacks Grodno (now in Belarus) and decapitates Jan Zabrzeziński, the top ally of Grand Duke Alexander.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#January–March", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Livonian War: In what is now Belarus, the city of Polotsk falls to the forces of Stephen Báthory, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#July–September", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Ukrainian Cossack troops under the command of Mykhailo Krychevsky and Stepan Pobodailo are overwhelmed in the Battle of Loyew (in what is now Belarus) by a smaller force of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth soldiers led by Lithuania's Janusz Radziwiłł, with the Cossacks losing more than 3,000 fighters. Krychevsky is mortally wounded and dies on August 3.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367892628#July–September", "title": "1649", "revid": 1367892628, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – Great Northern War – Battle of Grodno: A coalition of 34,000 Swedish and Polish troops besieges the then-Lithuanian city in the winter time, and clashes with 41,000 Russian and Saxon troops. After almost three months of fighting that lasts to April 10, Sweden takes control of the city, which is now located in Belarus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#January–March", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Bishop Bogusław Gosiewski sells the town of Maladzyechna in the Minsk Region of Belarus to the mighty Ogiński family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#July–September", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from Russian occupation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "Operation Bagration: A general attack by Soviet forces clears the German forces from Belarus, resulting in the destruction of German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#June", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Chernobyl disaster: A mishandled safety test at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union \"killed at least 4,056 people and damaged almost $7 billion of property\". Radioactive fallout from the accident is concentrated near Belarus, Ukraine and Russia and at least 350,000 people are forcibly resettled away from these areas. After the accident, \"traces of radioactive deposits unique to Chernobyl were in nearly every country in the northern hemisphere\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#April", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Ryanair Flight 4978 is forced to land by Belarusian authorities to detain dissident journalist Roman Protasevich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#May", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › May"}}]}