{"slug": "belgrade", "label": "Belgrade", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711", "qid": "Q3711", "description": "capital and largest city of Serbia", "entries": 44, "years": 39, "span": [-278, 2023], "span_label": ["279 BCE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 27}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "serbia", "label": "Serbia", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "pannonian-avars", "label": "Pannonian Avars", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "looting", "label": "Looting", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maurice-emperor", "label": "Maurice (emperor)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sava", "label": "Sava", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "slavs", "label": "Slavs", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-greeks", "label": "Byzantine Greeks", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Scordisci Celts found a city called Singidon (Roman Singidunum) which is today the Serbian city of Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#The_Balkans", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › The Balkans"}}, {"year": 448, "year_label": "448 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Attila demands in the treaty the evacuation of the territory running from Singidunum (Belgrade, in Serbia) 300 mi km east along the Danube to Novae (Svishtov, in Bulgaria). This depopulated buffer zone deprives the Romans of their natural defensive advantages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330678266#Byzantium", "title": "448", "revid": 1330678266, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantium"}}, {"year": 504, "year_label": "504 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ostrogoths sack Belgrade, on the Danube and Sava rivers (modern Serbia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747389#Europe", "title": "504", "revid": 1364747389, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maurice decides to end the annual tribute to the Avars, a mounted people who have swept across Russia and threatened the Balkan Peninsula. They capture the cities of Singidunum (modern Belgrade) and Viminacium (Moesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 591, "year_label": "591 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Maurice begins a series of military expeditions, to defend the Balkan provinces from the Avars and Slavs. He establishes the Danube frontier (Limes Moesiae) from the Delta to the fortress city of Singidunum (Belgrade), and permits the Byzantines to reassert their authority in the interior.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751608#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "591", "revid": 1364751608, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maurice regains the Byzantine stronghold Singidunum (modern Belgrade) from the Avars. By counter-invading their homelands on the Balkans, Byzantine troops increase their pay by pillaging in hostile territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Balkan Campaign: A Byzantine relief force under Priscus marches up the Danube River along the southern bank to Novae (modern Bulgaria). The fortress city of Singidunum (Belgrade) is plundered by the Avars, and abandoned after the approach of the Byzantines. The Avars retreat and launch a raid against Dalmatia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 599, "year_label": "599 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Balkan Campaign: The Byzantine generals Priscus and Comentiolus join their forces at Singidunum (modern Belgrade), and move downstream to the fortress city of Viminacium (Serbia). The Byzantines cross the Danube River and invade Upper Moesia, where they defeat the Avars in open battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752063#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "599", "revid": 1364752063, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 827, "year_label": "827 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Omurtag, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, launches an attack to the West, and penetrates into Pannonia. He expels the local chiefs, and installs Bulgar governors over the Slavic tribes to control them. Omurtag conquers the cities of Beograd, Braničevo, Sirmium, and most of eastern Slavonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941309#Europe", "title": "827", "revid": 1340941309, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 878, "year_label": "878 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The city of Belgrade is first mentioned in a papal letter to Boris I, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353695287#Religion", "title": "878", "revid": 1353695287, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Peter Delyan leads a rebellion against the Byzantine Empire and is proclaimed by the Bulgarian nobles as emperor (tsar) Peter II in Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Europe", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1071, "year_label": "1071 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Hungary launches a campaign against the Byzantine Empire. They besiege and capture the border fortress of Belgrade, along with Sirmium and Taurunum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932306#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1071", "revid": 1332932306, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – French members of the People's Crusade led by Walter Sans Avoir enter Hungary, without incident they arrive at Semlin, and cross the Sava into Byzantine territory at Belgrade. Meanwhile, Walter demands food but he is refused entry, and the crusaders are forced to pillage the countryside. Eventually Walter is allowed to carry on to Niš, where he is provided with food.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#First_Crusade", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – June – Béla III, king of Hungary, ravages the region of Belgrade and Barancs (modern-day Braničevo). Meanwhile, Serbia allies itself with Hungary to gain independence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Europe", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – At Belgrade, Stefan Vladislav II becomes the new King of Syrmia (now part of Serbia) upon the death of his father, Stefan Dragutin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#January_–_March", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Stefan Lazarević establishes Belgrade, as the capital of the Serbian Despotate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#Date_unknown", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1427, "year_label": "1427 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, ruler of the Serbian Despotate, dies at Belgrade and is succeeded by his nephew, Đurađ Branković.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365937201#July–September", "title": "1427", "revid": 1365937201, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Ottoman Sultan Murad II begins the siege of Belgrade, at this time part of the Kingdom of Hungary following the conquest of Serbia. The fortress is heavily damaged, but the defenders' use of artillery prevents the Turks from capturing the city, and the siege ends after six months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343605568#April–June", "title": "1440", "revid": 1343605568, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1444, "year_label": "1444 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – As the Crusade of Varna resumes, the 16,000 Christian soldiers under the command of Wladyslaw and Hunyadi begin crossing over the Danube river near Belgrade and complete their crossing into Ottoman Muslim territory in Bulgaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359067554#July–September", "title": "1444", "revid": 1359067554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1456, "year_label": "1456 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Ulrich II, Count of Celje, regent for King Ladislas of Hungary and governor of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia, is assassinated the day after he had entered the fortress of Belgrade, apparently at the direction of Ladislaus Hunyadi, son of the late John Hunyadi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371442849#October–December", "title": "1456", "revid": 1371442849, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – After suppressing the Serbian uprising in Banat, the Ottoman Empire rulers carry out the public burning of the bones of Saint Sava in Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#April–June", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Kara Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire since 1676, is executed on orders of Sultan Mehmed IV after being blamed for the Ottoman loss of the Battle of Vienna on September 12. The execution is carried out in Belgrade as Kara Mustafa is strangled with a silk cord. The Sultan appoints Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha as the new Grand Vizier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#October–December", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire enters Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#April–June", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1739, "year_label": "1739 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – The Ottoman Empire retakes Belgrade from Austria's Habsburg monarchy after winning the Battle of Grocka.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340647395#July–September", "title": "1739", "revid": 1340647395, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Hadži Mustafa Pasha, Ottoman commander and politician, is assassinated in Belgrade, Sanjak of Smederevo, by Kučuk-Alija.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370397745#October–December", "title": "1801", "revid": 1370397745, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Mihailo Obrenović, Prince of Serbia, is assassinated in Košutnjak, Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#June", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – Nicholas Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies of a heart attack while visiting Austrian minister Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#July", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – World War I: Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor fires the first shots of the war, opening the bombardment of the defenses of Belgrade, Serbia's capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#July", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – WWII: The Government of National Salvation, a Serb puppet state of the Axis powers, is established by General Milan Nedić in Nazi-occupied Serbia in Belgrade, under military commander Heinrich Danckelmann; the regime includes 15 Ministers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#August", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Smederevo Fortress explosion: A Serbian ammunition depot explodes at Smederevo on the outskirts of Belgrade, Serbia, killing 2,500 and injuring over 4,500.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#June", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – WWII: Yugoslav Partisans, operating in Nazi-occupied Serbia, assassinate Đorđe Kosmajac in Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#March", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "Belgrade Offensive ends when Belgrade is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans, together with the Bulgarian Army and the Red Army, and the remnants of Nedić's collaborationist Serbian puppet state, the Government of National Salvation, are abolished.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#October", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The JSD Partizan sports club is founded in Belgrade, Serbia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – The Danube Commission is created by the Belgrade Convention (enters into force 11 May 1949).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#August", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – The first meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement is held in Belgrade. The Soviet Union resumes nuclear testing, escalating fears over the ongoing Berlin Crisis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#September", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – An express train bound for Germany from Belgrade derails in Zagreb, Yugoslavia (now Croatia), killing more than 150 passengers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372602919#July–August", "title": "1974", "revid": 1372602919, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – Large protests erupt against Slobodan Milošević's regime in Belgrade; opposition leader Vuk Drašković and his wife Danica are arrested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#June", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – In Belgrade, tens of thousands of Yugoslavs rally to demand the resignation of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#August", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Kosovo War: in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, three Chinese embassy workers are killed and 20 others wounded when a NATO B-2 aircraft bombs the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#May", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Yugoslavia's president Slobodan Milošević.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#October", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – Radovan Karadžić, the first president of the Republika Srpska, is arrested in Belgrade, Serbia, on allegations of war crimes, following a 12-year-long manhunt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#July", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20–24 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 takes place in Belgrade, Serbia, and is won by Russian entrant Dima Bilan with the song \"Believe\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#May", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – COVID-19 pandemic: Thousands of people rally outside the House of the National Assembly of Serbia in Belgrade in response to stricter lockdown measures proposed by President Aleksandar Vučić following an increase of cases in the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#July", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – A school shooting occurs in Belgrade, Serbia. A second mass murder occurs the next day near Mladenovac and Smederevo. These events leave 19 people dead, causing the government to increase regulations on gun ownership and mass anti-government protests to begin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#May", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › May"}}]}