{"slug": "benevento", "label": "Benevento", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevento", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13437", "qid": "Q13437", "description": "Italian comune", "entries": 21, "years": 21, "span": [-320, 1702], "span_label": ["321 BCE", "1702 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "southern-italy", "label": "Southern Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-benevento", "label": "Duchy of Benevento", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-spoleto", "label": "Duchy of Spoleto", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "capua", "label": "Capua", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "county-of-apulia-and-calabria", "label": "County of Apulia and Calabria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-legion", "label": "Roman legion", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "apulia", "label": "Apulia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "calabria", "label": "Calabria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -320, "year_label": "321 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Two Roman consuls, Spurius Postumius Albinus and Titus Veturius Calvinus, leading an invading force into Samnium, are trapped in a mountain pass known as the Caudine Forks (Caudium) near Beneventum, where they can neither advance nor retire, and after a desperate struggle, they are forced to submit to the humiliating terms imposed by the Samnite victor, Gaius Pontius. The captured consuls pledge themselves to a five-year treaty on terms most favourable for the Samnites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359962346#Roman_Republic", "title": "321 BC", "revid": 1359962346, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -267, "year_label": "268 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Romans found a colony at Malventum which they, for superstitious reasons, call Beneventum (since male means bad and bene means good in Latin).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369785417#Roman_Republic", "title": "268 BC", "revid": 1369785417, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman legions led by Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeat Hanno's Carthaginian forces in a battle near Beneventum, thus denying Hannibal much needed reinforcements.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#Roman_Republic", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -211, "year_label": "212 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman consuls, Appius Claudius Pulcher and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, besiege Capua with eight legions. Hanno moves to Beneventum to try to help the inhabitants of Capua, but he is defeated by the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637712#Roman_Republic", "title": "212 BC", "revid": 1325637712, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -189, "year_label": "190 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "One of the main highways in Roman Italy, the Via Appia, is extended to Benevento and Venosa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342606670#Roman_Republic", "title": "190 BC", "revid": 1342606670, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 88, "year_label": "88 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Two Egyptian obelisks are erected in Benevento in front of the Temple of Isis, in honour of Emperor Domitian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267078165#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 88", "revid": 1267078165, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 109, "year_label": "109 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Via Traiana is constructed at the Emperor Trajan's personal expense; the road connects Benevento with Brundisium (Brindisi).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330325652#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 109", "revid": 1330325652, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 114, "year_label": "114 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction begins on the Arch of Trajan in Benevento.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330326111#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 114", "revid": 1330326111, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 542, "year_label": "542 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March", "text": "March – Totila bypasses Rome and begins his expedition in Southern Italy. He captures Beneventum and receives the submission of the provinces of Apulia, Lucania and Bruttium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799594#Europe", "title": "542", "revid": 1340799594, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 571, "year_label": "571 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Benevento becomes the capital of an independent duchy, under the Lombard chieftain Zotto (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751956#Europe", "title": "571", "revid": 1364751956, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 651, "year_label": "651 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Radoald, duke of Benevento (Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804418#Deaths", "title": "651", "revid": 1340804418, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constans II launches an assault against the Duchy of Benevento (Southern Italy). Taking advantage of the fact that Lombard king Grimoald I is engaged against Frankish forces from Neustria, Constans disembarks at Taranto, and besieges Lucera and Benevento.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 788, "year_label": "788 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Grimoald III, Lombard duke of Benevento, is installed as semi-client by King Charles the Younger (son of Charlemagne) at Benevento (Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753395#Europe", "title": "788", "revid": 1364753395, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 891, "year_label": "891 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Orso, Lombard prince of Benevento, is deposed after the capture of Benevento by the Byzantines. Benevento becomes the capital of the thema of Longobardia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072819#Europe", "title": "891", "revid": 1267072819, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 895, "year_label": "895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Guy IV, duke of Spoleto, conquers Benevento (after the Byzantines have moved the capital of Byzantine Italy from Benevento to Bari). Guy makes himself prince, thereby uniting the two Italian states. The Byzantines attempt to retake Benevento, but are defeated by Lombard troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093921#Europe", "title": "895", "revid": 1346093921, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Otto I goes on a tour of the Lombard duchies of southern Italy. In Capua he grants Pandulf I (Ironhead) the vacant Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino and charges him with prosecuting the war against the Byzantine Empire. In Benevento, Otto receives the homage of Pandulf's brother and co-ruler Landulf III. In Salerno he receives also the support of Gisulf I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Europe", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 969, "year_label": "969 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Pope John XIII convenes a synod at Rome. He raises the bishopric of Benevento to Archbishopric of Benevento. The city is made a metropolitan see over 10 bishoprics in Byzantine Capitanata (Southern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590679#Religion", "title": "969", "revid": 1365590679, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Otto III makes a pilgrimage through middle Italy from Gargano to Benevento. Stopping by Monte Cassino, where he meets the hermit monk Romuald.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Religion", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1053, "year_label": "1053 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Battle of Civitate: Norman horsemen (3,000 men), led by Humphrey of Hauteville, count of Apulia and Calabria, rout the combined forces under Pope Leo IX, in Southern Italy. The Normans destroy the allied Papal army and capture Leo, who is imprisoned (as a hostage for 8 months) in Benevento.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350130055#Europe", "title": "1053", "revid": 1350130055, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1128, "year_label": "1128 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August", "text": "August – Pope Honorius II invests Roger II of Sicily as duke of Apulia at Benevento, after his failure to form a coalition against Roger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348046025#Europe", "title": "1128", "revid": 1348046025, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – An earthquake in the middle of the Calore valley in Italy, east of Benevento, kills 400 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#January–March", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}