{"slug": "berber-people", "label": "Berber people", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 21, "years": 21, "span": [17, 1664], "span_label": ["17 CE", "1664 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "morocco", "label": "Morocco", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "khawarij", "label": "Khawarij", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "tlemcen", "label": "Tlemcen", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "numidia", "label": "Numidia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ifriqiya", "label": "Ifriqiya", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kairouan", "label": "Kairouan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "fatimid-caliphate", "label": "Fatimid Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 17, "year_label": "17 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tacfarinas, Numidian deserter from the Roman army, begins a guerrilla war against the Romans. He leads his own Musulamii tribe and a coalition of Berbers, attacking the Limes Tripolitanus, a fortified zone (limes) of the Roman Empire in Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Africa", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 17 AD › Africa"}}, {"year": 375, "year_label": "375 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Africa, the dissident Berber prince Firmus is delivered to the Romans by his brother Gildon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205031#Roman_Empire", "title": "375", "revid": 1349205031, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 429, "year_label": "429 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Genseric seizes lands from the Berbers and destroys church buildings all over Mauretania. He goes on a rampage forcing Bonifacius, Roman governor, to retreat to the fortified coastal town of Hippo Regius (modern Annaba).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333669155#Roman_Empire", "title": "429", "revid": 1333669155, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 523, "year_label": "523 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Leptis Magna (modern Libya) is sacked by Berber (Moor) raiders. Gelimer leads a successful expedition in North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792003#Africa", "title": "523", "revid": 1340792003, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 533, "year_label": "533 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Battle of Tricamarum: Gelimer assembles an army of about 50,000 men at Bulla Regia (Numidia), and advances towards Carthage. Belisarius moves out to meet the Vandals; he leads the Byzantine cavalry (5,000 men) into battle. Without waiting for his infantry to come up, he charges, despite odds of almost 10-to-1, and throws Gelimer in confusion. Belisarius captures the Vandal camp by storm. Tzazo is killed in an all-cavalry fight, and Gelimer is forced to seek refuge in the mountains of Tunis with the Berbers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793764#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "533", "revid": 1340793764, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 681, "year_label": "681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Muslim Arab army led by Uqba ibn Nafi reaches Morocco, before being forced back into Cyrene by the Berbers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367426529#Arabian_Empire", "title": "681", "revid": 1367426529, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 698, "year_label": "698 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Berber forces led by Queen Kahina (\"The Diviner\") are crushed by Arab invaders at Aures (Algeria). She has rallied the Berbers since the collapse of Byzantine power (see 647).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806584#Arabian_Empire", "title": "698", "revid": 1340806584, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Salih I ibn Mansur founds the Muslim Kingdom of Nekor (Morocco). He converts the local Berber tribes to Islam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Africa", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 739, "year_label": "739 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Great Berber Revolt: The Berbers break out in revolt against the Umayyad rulers at Maghreb, in response to the oppressive, (and, by Islamic law, illegal) tax-collection and slave-tribute. The rebellion is led by the chieftain (alleged water-carrier) Maysara al-Matghari. He successfully seizes Tangier, and rapidly captures much of western Morocco. The Berber rebellion which erupts not only undermines caliphal rule and fragments the wilayat or province of Ifriqiya (North Africa), but paves the way for the emergence of autonomous local Arab dynasties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809724#Africa", "title": "739", "revid": 1340809724, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Berber tribes in the recently conquered region of Galicia (northwest Spain) rebel. This facilitates the establishment of an independent kingdom in the Cantabrian Mountains under King Alfonso I of Asturias.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Europe", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 742, "year_label": "742 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Arab forces under Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri, governor (wali) of Al-Andalus, suppress the Berber rebellion in the region of Mértola (modern Portugal).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809740#Europe", "title": "742", "revid": 1340809740, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 744, "year_label": "744 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Salih ibn Tarif proclaims himself a prophet among the Barghawata, a confederation of Berber tribes in modern-day western Morocco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305046877#Religion", "title": "744", "revid": 1305046877, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 757, "year_label": "757 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The city of Sijilmasa (modern Morocco) is founded by the Miknasa, a Zenata Berber tribe. They adopt Kharijism-Islam, and establish the Emirate of Sijilmasa in the northern Sahara. It becomes a wealthy trading center as the western end-point of the Trans-Saharan trade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341678247#Africa", "title": "AD 757", "revid": 1341678247, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 765, "year_label": "765 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Zenata Berber tribe of Banu Ifran rebels against the Abbasid Caliphate, and creates an independent state centered around Tlemcen (modern Algeria). Their tribal chief Abu Qurra rebuilds the city (formerly, the Roman colonia Pomaria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847741#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "765", "revid": 1340847741, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 767, "year_label": "767 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Kharijite Berbers of Tlemcen and Tiaret try to conquer Ifriqiya from the Abbasid Caliphate, but fail to capture the capital of Kairouan (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350246348#Africa", "title": "AD 767", "revid": 1350246348, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 768, "year_label": "768 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In al-Andalus, the Berber tribal chieftain Saqiya ibn Abd al Wahid al-Miknasi leads a rebellion against the Emirate of Córdoba, in the present-day Spanish province of Extremadura.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068964#Iberian_Peninsula", "title": "768", "revid": 1267068964, "section": "Events › By place › Iberian Peninsula"}}, {"year": 791, "year_label": "791 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emir Idris I, founder of the Idrisid dynasty and kingdom of Morocco, is poisoned on orders of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. He is succeeded by his son Idris II (only just two months old), who is raised by his mother Kenza among the Berbers of Volubilis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749143#Africa", "title": "791", "revid": 1364749143, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 909, "year_label": "909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Berber Kutama tribesmen under Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah capture the cities of Kairouan and Raqqada. The capital city of the Rustamid imamate, Tihert is destroyed. The remaining Ibadi are forced into the desert.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367656270#Africa", "title": "909", "revid": 1367656270, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 944, "year_label": "944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abu Yazid, a Kharijite Berber leader, launches a rebellion in the Aurès Mountains (modern Algeria) against the Fatamids, seeking aid from the Caliphate of Córdoba in Al-Andalus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512279#Africa", "title": "944", "revid": 1341512279, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 947, "year_label": "947 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite Berber leader who has led a rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya, is defeated in the Hodna Mountains (modern-day Algeria). Caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah sets about restoring the Fatimid dominion over North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671594#Arabian_Empire", "title": "947", "revid": 1367671594, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – Surrounded by a Berber army, the French Navy evacuates the presidio of Jijel, a Mediterranean Sea port in what is now the Republic of Algeria, after having captured it from the Algiers Regency on June 12.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#October–December", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}