{"slug": "berengar-ii-of-italy", "label": "Berengar II of Italy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314521", "qid": "Q314521", "description": "King of Italy from 950 to 961", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [942, 1002], "span_label": ["942 CE", "1002 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "otto-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "pavia", "label": "Pavia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-swabia", "label": "Duchy of Swabia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lotharingia", "label": "Lotharingia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-bavaria", "label": "Duchy of Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-spoleto", "label": "Duchy of Spoleto", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "east-francia", "label": "East Francia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brenner-pass", "label": "Brenner Pass", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 942, "year_label": "942 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Hugh of Provence makes a truce with the Moors of Fraxinet, after hearing the news that a Swabian army is about to descend on Italy. He allows the Moors to attack the Alpine passes for his own political ends in his struggle with Berengar of Ivrea. The Byzantines cry foul and end their alliance with Hugh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918673#Europe", "title": "942", "revid": 1364918673, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 944, "year_label": "944 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Hugh of Provence dispatches an embassy to King Otto I of the East Frankish Kingdom, offering a large sum of cash if he promises not to provide assistance to Berengar of Ivrea. Otto refuses this offer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512279#Europe", "title": "944", "revid": 1341512279, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 945, "year_label": "945 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Berengar of Ivrea invades Italy with hired Lombard troops and takes up residence in Milan. Berengar proceeds to Verona, where he is joined by forces of Count Milo and other partisans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365595392#Europe", "title": "945", "revid": 1365595392, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 947, "year_label": "947 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – A Hungarian army led by Grand Prince Taksony campaigns in Italy, heading southwards on the eastern shore of the peninsula. It besieges Larino and reaches Otranto, plundering Apulia for three months. Berengar of Ivrea negotiates a truce and offers them a massive tribute (for which he imposes a special tax).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671594#Europe", "title": "947", "revid": 1367671594, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 950, "year_label": "950 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – King Lothair II dies at Turin (possibly poisoned by Berengar of Ivrea). Berengar is crowned king of Italy and imprisons Lothair's now 19-year-old widow, Adelaide for four months at Como.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260811#Europe", "title": "950", "revid": 1365260811, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 952, "year_label": "952 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – At the Reichstag in Augsburg (assembled by King Otto I), joined by German nobles and bishops, Berengar of Ivrea pays homage. He becomes a vassal of the East Frankish Kingdom. Otto leaves a strong garrison at Pavia in the hands of his son-in-law Conrad the Red, duke of Lotharingia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512696#Europe", "title": "952", "revid": 1341512696, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 956, "year_label": "956 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I (the Great), reconciles with his father and asks again for installation as duke of Swabia. Otto refuses, but at the instigation of his uncle Bruno I (duke of Lotharingia) allows Liudolf to lead an expedition to Italy to bring the vassal Berengar of Ivrea to heel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917782#Europe", "title": "956", "revid": 1364917782, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 957, "year_label": "957 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I, dies of a violent fever near Pombia (it is rumored from a latent poison administered somehow by Berengar II's agents). The German armies return home, leaving Berengar of Ivrea in control of Italy. Liudolf is succeeded by his 3-year-old son Otto, who will be adopted and raised by his grandfather Otto, as the later duke of Swabia and Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512729#Europe", "title": "957", "revid": 1341512729, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Berengar II invades the March of Verona, which is under control of the dukes of Bavaria, and lay siege to Count Adalbert Atto at Canossa Castle (northern Italy). Berengar sends a Lombard expeditionary force under his son Guy of Ivrea against Theobald II, duke of Spoleto. He captures Spoleto and Camerino.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Europe", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 959, "year_label": "959 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pietro III Candiano, doge of Venice, dies after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Pietro IV Candiano, who breaks off his campaign in Spoleto on behalf of King Berengar II of Italy and returns to Venice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512808#Europe", "title": "959", "revid": 1341512808, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June/July – Adalbert II, co-ruler and the son of King Berengar II, with the support of Duke Hugh of Tuscany, invades the Papal States under Pope John XII. With Lombard forces closing in on Rome, a papal delegation is sent to King Otto I (the Great) to appeal for assistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Europe", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 961, "year_label": "961 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Otto I leads an expeditionary force into northern Italy through the Brenner Pass at Trento, to assist the beleaguered young Pope John XII. He proceeds towards Pavia – King Berengar II sends his son and co-ruler Adalbert II from Rome at the head of a large army to seize control of the Upper Adige and contest Otto's entry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512994#Europe", "title": "961", "revid": 1341512994, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 962, "year_label": "962 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Otto I takes his army to lay siege at San Giulio, an island within Lake Orta (Piedmont), where Queen Willa (the wife of King Berengar II) has barricaded herself. She surrenders and is allowed to go free by Otto. Willa departs for Montefeltro to join her husband.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513175#Europe", "title": "962", "revid": 1341513175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 963, "year_label": "963 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – King Berengar II (the father of Adalbert II) surrenders at the fortress of Montefeltro to German forces. He and his wife Willa are taken prisoner and dispatched to Bamberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272224#Europe", "title": "963", "revid": 1365272224, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 966, "year_label": "966 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – Berengar II, margrave and king of Italy", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513206#Deaths", "title": "966", "revid": 1341513206, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles and secondi milites (the minor nobles), Arduin of Ivrea (grandson of former King Berengar II) is restored to his domains and crowned as King of Italy in the Basilica of San Michele Maggiore. Arduin is supported by Arnulf II, archbishop of Milan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Europe", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}