{"slug": "berlin-wall", "label": "Berlin Wall", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5086", "qid": "Q5086", "description": "barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic, enclosing West Berlin (1961–1989)", "entries": 7, "years": 6, "span": [1961, 1990], "span_label": ["1961 CE", "1990 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "east-germany", "label": "East Germany", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "west-berlin", "label": "West Berlin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "berlin", "label": "Berlin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "west-germany", "label": "West Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "western-europe", "label": "Western Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eastern-europe", "label": "Eastern Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ronald-reagan", "label": "Ronald Reagan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mikhail-gorbachev", "label": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "general-secretary-of-the-communist-party-of-the-soviet-union", "label": "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cold-war", "label": "Cold War", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Berlin Crisis of 1961: Construction of the Berlin Wall begins, restricting movement between East Berlin and West Berlin, and forming a clear boundary between West Germany and East Germany, Western Europe and Eastern Europe (until 1989, when Berlin and Germany both reunified in 1990, following the Fall of the Berlin Wall). On August 22 Ida Siekmann jumps from a window in her tenement building trying to flee to the West, becoming the first of at least 138 deaths at the Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#August", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Twelve East Germans escape to the West via a tunnel under the Berlin Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#May", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – East German border guards kill 18-year-old Peter Fechter as he attempts to cross the Berlin Wall into West Berlin, leading to mass protests on the Western side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#August", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1964, "year_label": "1964 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Twenty-three men and thirty-one women escape to West Berlin through a narrow tunnel under the Berlin Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371069587#October", "title": "1964", "revid": 1371069587, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – During a visit to Berlin, Germany, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenges Soviet general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#June", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Cold War and Fall of the Berlin Wall: East German official Günter Schabowski accidentally states in a live broadcast press conference that new rules for traveling from East Germany to West Germany will be put in effect \"immediately\". Late this evening, East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall, allowing its citizens to travel freely to West Germany for the first time in decades. In the first week, travel visas will be issued to around 25% of the East German population. One of several significant events on 9 November in German history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#November", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – Cold War: The destruction of the Berlin Wall by East Germany officially starts, 7 months after it was opened the previous November.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#June", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › June"}}]}