{"slug": "bernard-of-clairvaux", "label": "Bernard of Clairvaux", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188411", "qid": "Q188411", "description": "Burgundian saint, abbot and theologian (1090–1153)", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [1090, 1462], "span_label": ["1090 CE", "1462 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alps", "label": "Alps", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lothair-iii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "knights-templar", "label": "Knights Templar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "grand-master-order", "label": "Grand Master (order)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-castile", "label": "Kingdom of Castile", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gibraltar", "label": "Gibraltar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-iv-of-castile", "label": "Henry IV of Castile", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1090, "year_label": "1090 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot and theologian (d. 1153)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154341#Births", "title": "1090", "revid": 1362154341, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1115, "year_label": "1115 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Clairvaux Abbey is founded by Bernard, French abbot and a major leader in the reform of Benedictine monasticism, in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369310142#Religion", "title": "1115", "revid": 1369310142, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1128, "year_label": "1128 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Honorius II recognizes and confirms the Order of the Knights Templar. The French abbot Bernard of Clairvaux codifies the rule of the Order. Hugues de Payens, French Grand Master of the Order, visits both England and Scotland, where he raises men and money for the Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348046025#Religion", "title": "1128", "revid": 1348046025, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1133, "year_label": "1133 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A German expeditionary force, led by King Lothair III, marches into northern Italy, and arrives at Rome, after a 6-month journey across the Alps. Accompanied by Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot and Doctor of the Church, Lothair is crowned by Pope Innocent II as Holy Roman Emperor at the Church of the Lateran, on June 4. He receives as papal fiefs the vast estates of Matilda, former margravine of Tuscany, which he secures for his daughter Gertrude of Süpplingenburg and her husband, Duke Henry X (the Proud) of Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156605#Europe", "title": "1133", "revid": 1362156605, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Bernard of Clairvaux, commissioned by Pope Eugene III, preaches the Second Crusade at Vézelay, in Burgundy. King Louis VII of France and his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, take up the cross. In a repeat of the events of 1096, Crusaders attack and massacre Jewish communities along the Rhine. Encouraged by his success, Bernard undertakes a tour in Burgundy, Lorraine and Flanders – preaching the Crusade as he goes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Europe", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – Pope Eugene III issues a bull (known as the Divina dispensatione), permitting Conrad III to attack the Polabian Slavs (or Wends) under the spiritual guidance of Bishop Anselm of Havelberg. The Crusaders are allowed to wear sacred crosses, and Bernard of Clairvaux instructs the Germans how to treat the Slavs under their control. \"With God's help\", says the abbot, \"they shall be either converted or slaughtered\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Europe", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1153, "year_label": "1153 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot (b. 1090)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184506#Deaths", "title": "1153", "revid": 1369184506, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1462, "year_label": "1462 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – On the Saint Bernard's Day, the Spanish army of the Kingdom of Castile, led by Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Fonseca, captures Gibraltar, which has been under the rule of the Sultanate of Morocco for almost 130 years since its capture in 1333 AD. King Enrique IV declares himself \"King of Gibraltar\" in addition to his other titles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359849875#July–September", "title": "1462", "revid": 1359849875, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}