{"slug": "bible", "label": "Bible", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1845", "qid": "Q1845", "description": "collection of sacred books in Judaism and Christianity", "entries": 30, "years": 29, "span": [330, 1860], "span_label": ["330 CE", "1860 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 18}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "jerome", "label": "Jerome", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "vulgate", "label": "Vulgate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "new-testament", "label": "New Testament", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ulfilas", "label": "Ulfilas", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cicero", "label": "Cicero", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bethlehem", "label": "Bethlehem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "aachen", "label": "Aachen", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 330, "year_label": "330 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Bible is translated into the Gothic language by Wulfila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368804630#Religion", "title": "330", "revid": 1368804630, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 340, "year_label": "340 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jerome, priest and Bible translator (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281359942#Births", "title": "340", "revid": 1281359942, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 347, "year_label": "347 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – Saint Jerome, priest and translator of the Bible (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074920#Births", "title": "347", "revid": 1267074920, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 380, "year_label": "380 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ticonius writes a commentary on the Bible's Book of Revelation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281452530#Religion", "title": "380", "revid": 1281452530, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 385, "year_label": "385 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Roman synod exiles the prophet Jerome, who has incorporated ideas first propounded by the Roman statesman Cicero. He departs for Egypt, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem, accompanied by the Christian ascetic Paula, who will edit Jerome's translation of the Bible, which becomes the Latin Vulgate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280220298#Roman_Empire", "title": "385", "revid": 1280220298, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 393, "year_label": "393 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Synod of Hippo: A council at Hippo Regius (Algeria) is hosted by the Church. The bishops approve a canon of Sacred Scripture that correspond to the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744069#Religion", "title": "393", "revid": 1364744069, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 405, "year_label": "405 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jerome's Vulgate translation of the Bible into Latin is completed by his translations of the Tanakh from the Hebrew language.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640804#Religion", "title": "405", "revid": 1367640804, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 439, "year_label": "439 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Isaac the Great, Armenian apostolic patriarch, dies at Ashtishat. He helped to develop a Greek-inspired alphabet, and translate the Bible, along with various Christian writings, into Armenian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307025237#Religion", "title": "439", "revid": 1307025237, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 500, "year_label": "500 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Codex Argenteus, Gothic manuscript of bishop Ulfilas's translation of the Bible, is written (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361340160#Religion", "title": "AD 500", "revid": 1361340160, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 525, "year_label": "525 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Cosmas Indicopleustes, Alexandrian explorer-geographer, travels up the Nile. He will venture as far to the east as Ceylon, become a monk, and write \"Topographia Christiana\" to vindicate the biblical account of the world (see 550).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792024#Exploration_and_colonization", "title": "525", "revid": 1340792024, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration and colonization"}}, {"year": 672, "year_label": "672 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cædmon, Anglo-Saxon poet, writes a nine-line hymn on the Creation. A onetime illiterate herdsman, he becomes a monk under the rule of Hilda of Whitby, where he will turn various biblical themes into vernacular poetry (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805434#Literature", "title": "672", "revid": 1340805434, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}, {"year": 790, "year_label": "790 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon missionary, returns (after an 8-year absence) to England. During his stay at the Carolingian court of King Charlemagne in Aachen, he has educated his sons Charles, Pepin and Louis. Alcuin revises the church liturgy and the Bible, and is responsible for an intellectual movement within the Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848291#Europe", "title": "790", "revid": 1340848291, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1401, "year_label": "1401 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – As the English Parliament session closes, King Henry IV gives royal assent to the Suppression of Heresy Act, permitting secular authorities to carry out punishment for religious crimes. The assent comes after the Archbishop of Canterbury pressures King Henry to outlaw the Lollards, followers of John Wycliffe, and criminalizes possession of a copy of Wycliffe's translation of the Bible.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347806355#January–March", "title": "1401", "revid": 1347806355, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – In Zurich in Switzerland, the Affair of the Sausages begins as Pastor Huldrych Zwingli of Grossmünster publicly speaks out against the food restrictions during the Roman Catholic period of fasting during Lent, and advocating that followers of Martin Luther eat sausage, one of the prohibited foods. Zwingli defends his action in the sermon Von Erkiesen und Freiheit der Speisen (\"Regarding the freedom of Choice of Foods\"), in that the Bible does not prohibit the eating of meat during Lent. The public declaration sparks the Reformation in Zürich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#January–March", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Luther Bible: Martin Luther's translation of the Bible's New Testament into Early New High German from Greek, Das newe Testament Deutzsch, is published in Germany, selling thousands in the first few weeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#July–September", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March – The first complete printed translation of the New Testament of the Bible into the English language by William Tyndale arrives in England from Germany, where printing had been completed in Worms by Peter Schöffer the younger, towards the end of February.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#January–March", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first official translation of the entire Bible into Swedish is made, and is called the Gustav Vasa Bible.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Date_unknown", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1563, "year_label": "1563 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – The Council of Trent (which had opened on December 13, 1545) officially closes. It reaffirms all major Roman Catholic doctrines, and declares the Deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament to be canonical, along with the rest of the Bible. Chapter 1, Session 24, promulgates the decree Tametsi, stipulating that for a marriage to be valid, consent (the essence of marriage) as expressed in the vows has to be given publicly before witnesses, one of whom has to be the parish priest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164885#October–December", "title": "1563", "revid": 1369164885, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The first installment of the translation by Jurij Dalmatin of the Bible into the Slovene language, Bibilija, tu je vse svetu pismu stariga inu noviga testamenta (The Bible, featuring the complete Old and New Testaments), is published in Wittenberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#April–June", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate, an updated edition of the Latin language translation of the Bible, is promulgated by the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#October–December", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of the Puritans. Work begins on the Authorized King James Version of the Bible and revision of the Book of Common Prayer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#January–March", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Publication is completed of the Douay–Rheims Bible (The Holie Bible Faithfully Translated into English), a translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English made by members of the English College, Douai, in the service of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#Date_unknown", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1611, "year_label": "1611 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – The Authorized King James Version of the Bible is published for the first time, printed by Robert Barker in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277342005#April–June", "title": "1611", "revid": 1277342005, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Publication at Cambridge in the Massachusetts Bay Colony of the \"Eliot Indian Bible\" (Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God), which becomes the first complete Bible published in the Americas, a translation by English-born Puritan missionary John Eliot of the Geneva Bible, from English into the Massachusett language (Natic or Wômpanâak) variety of the Algonquian languages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#Date_unknown", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Bangor, brings the Bangorian Controversy within the Church of England into the open by delivering a sermon to, and supposedly at the request of, King George I of Great Britain, on The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ with the text \"My kingdom is not of this world\" (John 18:36), concluding there is no Biblical justification for church government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#January–March", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Authorized King James Version of the Bible is published in England in the Oxford standard text, edited by Benjamin Blayney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#Date_unknown", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – New England's Dark Day: An unaccountable darkness spreads over New England, regarded by some observers as a fulfillment of Bible prophecy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#April–June", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary, produces the first translation of the Bible in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, which is published with the parallel text of the Syriac Peshitta, by the American Bible Society.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#Date_unknown", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – German scholar Constantin von Tischendorf rediscovers the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th-century uncial manuscript of the Greek Bible, in Saint Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Khedivate of Egypt and arranges for its presentation to his patron, Tsar Alexander II of Russia at Saint Petersburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#January–March", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – In the U.S., the Pony Express begins its first run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, with riders carrying a small Bible.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#April", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › April"}}]}