{"slug": "bohemia", "label": "Bohemia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39193", "qid": "Q39193", "description": "historical region in the Czech Republic", "entries": 34, "years": 32, "span": [-7, 1939], "span_label": ["8 BCE", "1939 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "czech-republic", "label": "Czech Republic", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "thirty-years-war", "label": "Thirty Years' War", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "silesia", "label": "Silesia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "hussites", "label": "Hussites", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "marcomanni", "label": "Marcomanni", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vienna", "label": "Vienna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "george-of-podebrady", "label": "George of Poděbrady", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -7, "year_label": "8 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni and fights against the Roman Empire's expansion in Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Events › 8 BC › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Heraclius invites the Croats, a Slavic tribe living in Galicia, Silesia, and Bohemia, to settle in Illyricum. They are given the land between the Drava River and the Adriatic Sea for ridding of Avars. The Serbs are allowed to move from their homeland north of the Carpathians to a territory east of the Croats. Heraclius asks Pope Honorius I to send missionaries to both groups.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 890, "year_label": "890 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The sovereignty of Svatopluk I, ruler (knyaz) of Moravia, is confirmed in Bohemia. Lusatia becomes a part of his kingdom (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373061013#Europe", "title": "890", "revid": 1373061013, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 907, "year_label": "907 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Wenceslaus I, duke of Bohemia (approximate date) (k. 935)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130849#Births", "title": "907", "revid": 1341130849, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 921, "year_label": "921 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Ludmila, Bohemian duchess and widow of Bořivoj I, is murdered by her daughter-in-law Drahomíra at Tetín (modern Czech Republic). Ludmila will be canonised and become the patron saint of Bohemia and is venerated in the Orthodox and the Catholic Churches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509617#Europe", "title": "921", "revid": 1341509617, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Intense urban activity in north and central Europe: Kalmar (Kungälv) and Varberg (Sweden) are chartered; The cities of Aach (southern Germany) and Nakléřov in Bohemia are created. The castle of Burg Eppstein is built in central Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Europe", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1126, "year_label": "1126 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Świętosława of Poland, queen of Bohemia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368526441#Deaths", "title": "1126", "revid": 1368526441, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Klenová Castle is constructed in southern Bohemia near the town of Klatovy (modern Czech Republic) as part of a frontier defense system.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Europe", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1333, "year_label": "1333 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Jan IV of Dražic, Bishop of Prague, founds a friary and builds a stone bridge at Roudnice in Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351084838#Date_unknown", "title": "1333", "revid": 1351084838, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – The \"False Olaf\", a Bohemian immigrant who bore a resemblance to the late King Olaf of Denmark and Norway and impersonated the late monarch earlier in the year, is burned at the stake as punishment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#October–December", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1417, "year_label": "1417 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – In Bohemia, Johannes Cardinalis von Bergreichenstein, rector of the University of Prague issues a proclamation declaring that the theological teachings of the late Jan Hus are doctrine confirmed for all Christians, leading to eventual condemnation by the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope for heresy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829183#January–March", "title": "1417", "revid": 1368829183, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1420, "year_label": "1420 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Hussite Wars After their offer of a surrender is refused, the outnumbered Hussites of Bohemia, led by Jan Zizka, defeat the invading Holy Roman Imperial forces at the Battle of Sudoměř fought near modern-day Čejetice in the Czech Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365937924#January–March", "title": "1420", "revid": 1365937924, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1421, "year_label": "1421 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – The Sedlec Abbey, a monastery for the Cistercians order in Bohemia, is looted and burned by Hussites led by Jan Žižka, and several of the monks inside are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365656442#April–June", "title": "1421", "revid": 1365656442, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1428, "year_label": "1428 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – The Battle of Kratzau takes place in Bohemia in what is now the city of Chrastava in the Czech Republic, as the Silesian troops of the Bohemian Crown Lands under of the Holy Roman Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359832254#October–December", "title": "1428", "revid": 1359832254, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1433, "year_label": "1433 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Prokop the Great, leader of the Hussites of Bohemia, appears at the Council of Basel with his envoys in order to negotiate and end to the anti-Hussite Crusade started by the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320602#January–March", "title": "1433", "revid": 1351320602, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1437, "year_label": "1437 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – In Bohemia, Sion Castle near Kutná Hora in the modern-day Czech Republic is besieged by royal forces sent by the Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg and commanded by his Hofmeister, Hynce Ptáček of Pirkštejn. The siege, defended by the Taborite Hussite Jan Roháč of Dubá, lasts for four months before succeeding.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358546204#April–June", "title": "1437", "revid": 1358546204, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1437, "year_label": "1437 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – The siege of Sion Castle in Bohemia by the armies of the Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg is successful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358546204#July–September", "title": "1437", "revid": 1358546204, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Prince George of Poděbrady, leader of the Hussites in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) captures Prague after leading 9,000 of his troops from Kutná Hora.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#July–September", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1465, "year_label": "1465 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – In Bohemia, Count Jaroslav Lev of Rožmitál departs from Prague along with 40 other Bohemian lords as part of King George's project of Establishment of Peace throughout Christendom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370409749#October–December", "title": "1465", "revid": 1370409749, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Bible of Kralice begins publication. The first complete translation of the Bible into the Czech language (with notes), it is prepared by the Unity of the Brethren, and published at Kralice nad Oslavou, Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#Date_unknown", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – The estimated 6.0 magnitude Neulengbach earthquake causes significant damage and some loss of life, in Lower Austria and Vienna; the effects are felt as far as Bohemia and Silesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#July–September", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion by a 'Letter of Majesty'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365588617#July–September", "title": "1609", "revid": 1365588617, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1619, "year_label": "1619 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Věstonice – Bohemian forces defeat the Austrians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369562130#July–September", "title": "1619", "revid": 1369562130, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1631, "year_label": "1631 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden takes possession of Prague, capital of Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356869091#October–December", "title": "1631", "revid": 1356869091, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – In the Battle of Chemnitz, Swedish forces under Johan Banér inflict a crushing defeat on the army of the Holy Roman Empire, prolonging the Thirty Years' War and allowing the Swedes to occupy Pirna and advance into Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360051116#April–June", "title": "1639", "revid": 1360051116, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1647, "year_label": "1647 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Battle of Triebl: Imperial forces defeat the Swedes in a surprise attack in Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358071698#July–September", "title": "1647", "revid": 1358071698, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – The last major battle of the Thirty Years' War, the Battle of Prague ends in a Swedish victory after three days of fighting over the army of Bohemia. The troops loot the Prague Castle and steal many of Bohemia's most valuable artifacts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#July–September", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1729, "year_label": "1729 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – John of Nepomuk (Jan Nepomucký) of Bohemia is canonized by Pope Benedict XIII more than 300 years after being tortured and drowned in 1393 by order of King Wenceslaus IV; John becomes patron saint of Roman Catholics in the Czech Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368871381#January–March", "title": "1729", "revid": 1368871381, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1744, "year_label": "1744 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Queen Maria Theresa of Austria issues a proclamation to rid Bohemia of its Jewish residents, with the Jews to leave Prague over the next two weeks, and then to depart from Bohemia entirely in 1745.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370823870#October–December", "title": "1744", "revid": 1370823870, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Battle of Reichenberg: Marshal Augustus William von Bevern enters Bohemia with a Prussian army (some 15,000 men). In Reichenberg he encounters the Austrians under the command of General Christian Moritz von Königsegg. Von Bevern defeats the Austrian troops and captures large quantities of supplies. He continues his advance on Prague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#April–June", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Kolín – Frederick is defeated by an Austrian army under Marshal Daun, forcing him to evacuate Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#April–June", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Beethoven and Goethe meet each other in Teplice, Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#July–September", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1842, "year_label": "1842 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Josef Groll brews the first pilsner light lager beer in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia (the modern-day Czech Republic).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365455258#October–December", "title": "1842", "revid": 1365455258, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist. The Ruthenian region of Czechoslovakia declares independence as Carpatho-Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#March", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › March"}}]}