{"slug": "boston", "label": "Boston", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100", "qid": "Q100", "description": "capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and seat of Suffolk County", "entries": 81, "years": 71, "span": [-649, 2007], "span_label": ["650 BCE", "2007 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 19}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 9}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 9}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "massachusetts", "label": "Massachusetts", "shared": 24}, {"slug": "massachusetts-bay-colony", "label": "Massachusetts Bay Colony", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "province-of-massachusetts-bay", "label": "Province of Massachusetts Bay", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "american-revolutionary-war", "label": "American Revolutionary War", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nova-scotia", "label": "Nova Scotia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "patriot-american-revolution", "label": "Patriot (American Revolution)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "japan", "label": "Japan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "continental-army", "label": "Continental Army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rhodes", "label": "Rhodes", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-style", "label": "Old Style", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -649, "year_label": "650 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Wine pitcher (oenochoe) from Rhodes is begun, finished in 625 BC. It is now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372860055#Events", "title": "650 BC", "revid": 1372860055, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -469, "year_label": "470 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Pan Painter makes a \"bell krater\" (an earthenware piece that is used to mix water and wine) which has a red-figure decoration of Artemis slaying Actaeon. It is now preserved at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129358#Art", "title": "470 BC", "revid": 1350129358, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": -449, "year_label": "450 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The statue Woman and maid in the style of Achilles Painter, white-ground and black-figure decoration on a lekythos, with additional painting in tempera, starts being made (finished about ten years later). It is now kept at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172732#Arts", "title": "450 BC", "revid": 1354172732, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – John Winthrop helps in founding a church in Massachusetts, which will later become known as First Church in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#July–September", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 (September 7 Old Style) – The settlement of Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#July–September", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Governor John Winthrop passes a resolution declaring \"that Trimontaine\" on Shawmut peninsula shall be called Boston from now on.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#July–September", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1631, "year_label": "1631 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Puritan leader Roger Williams arrives in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356869091#January–March", "title": "1631", "revid": 1356869091, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1635, "year_label": "1635 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Boston Latin School, the oldest school in what will become the United States of America, is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360049087#April–June", "title": "1635", "revid": 1360049087, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Preacher John Wheelwright is banished from Boston and founds Exeter, New Hampshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#April–June", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1675, "year_label": "1675 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – The Wampanoag warriors begin a three-day assault on English colonial towns in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in North America, with an assault on the villages of Rehoboth and Taunton. At the same time, Massachusetts troops march to Swansea, to join the Plymouth Colony troops. The warriors elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope for Pocasset, Massachusetts. The Mohegan tribe travels to Boston, in order to assist the English colonists against the Wampanoags.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992546#April–June", "title": "1675", "revid": 1365992546, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The first coffeehouse in North America opens in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#Date_unknown", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – The Irish Donation of 1676 is shipped from Dublin, to relieve Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#July–September", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Metacomet and his Wampanoags attack Northampton, Massachusetts; meanwhile, the Massachusetts Council debates whether a wall should be erected around Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#January–March", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Nearly 200 Nipmuc tribesmen surrender to the English colonists in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#July–September", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – A fire in Boston, Massachusetts, is accidentally set by a careless and sleepy apprentice, who drops a lighted candle, or leaves it too near some combustible substance; this is the largest fire known at this time in the district. The Rev. Increase Mather’s church, dwelling and a portion of his personal library are destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#October–December", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1677, "year_label": "1677 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – The first medical publication in America (a pamphlet on smallpox) is produced in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727449#January–March", "title": "1677", "revid": 1360727449, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – The first fire engine company in North America goes into service in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368552109#January–March", "title": "1678", "revid": 1368552109, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – A fire in Boston, Massachusetts, burns all of the warehouses, 80 houses, and all of the ships in the dockyards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#October–December", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Edmund Andros arrives in Boston to become the British Governor of the newly created Dominion of New England, which includes most of the what are now the U.S. states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Vermont and much of the eastern portion of New York. The unpopular Andros, who reigns as a dictator after being appointed by King James II, is driven out of office in 1689 after the overthrow of James, and the Dominion of New England is broken up into its constituent colonies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#October–December", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Boston suffers a smallpox epidemic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#Date_unknown", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a \"mob\" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#April–June", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – The only issue of Publick Occurrences is published in Boston, Massachusetts, before being suppressed by the colonial authorities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#July–September", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1699, "year_label": "1699 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Scottish-born pirate captain William Kidd is arrested and imprisoned in Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, after being tricked by his former patron New York Governor Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560904#July–September", "title": "1699", "revid": 1369560904, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Trial begins in Boston for six pirates who had survived the April 26 wreck of Samuel Bellamy's ships Whydah and the Mary Anne. Five of them (John Brown, Hendrick Quintor, Thomas Baker, Peter Cornelius Hoof and John Shuan) are convicted on October 22 of piracy and robbery and hanged on November 15.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#October–December", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1721, "year_label": "1721 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – The deadliest outbreak of smallpox in the history of Boston begins when the British ship HMS Sea Horse arrives in Boston Harbor with a crew of sailors who had survived a smallpox epidemic. One of the Seahorse crew who had cleared quarantine develops symptoms the next day and infects other people in a lodging house. Over the next 10 months, 5,759 cases of smallpox are recorded in Boston and 844 people die of the disease.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367153403#April–June", "title": "1721", "revid": 1367153403, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – The British ship Catherine founders in a storm off of Nova Scotia's Cape Sable Island during its voyage from Ireland to Boston, killing 98 of the 201 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#July–September", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Benjamin Franklin's view of a lunar eclipse from Philadelphia is spoiled by a rainstorm; several days later, he learns that residents of Boston received the same storm hours after the eclipse, demonstrating that weather moves from west to east.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#October–December", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1745, "year_label": "1745 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 (March 24, old style) – Under the command of British Army General William Pepperrell, the first 4,300 American colonists in the New England Army depart Boston to liberate the French North American colony of Nova Scotia. The flotilla of 80 military transports and 18 armed escorts is scattered by a storm, but the first troops disembark at Canso, Nova Scotia, on April 15 and begin training while waiting for the arrival of the Royal Navy squadron commanded by Admiral Peter Warren.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353016128#April–June", "title": "1745", "revid": 1353016128, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1747, "year_label": "1747 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17–19 – The Knowles Riot breaks out in Boston, Massachusetts, protesting impressment into the British Royal Navy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372981647#October–December", "title": "1747", "revid": 1372981647, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – The Great Fire of Boston, Massachusetts, destroys 349 buildings and marks the biggest conflagration in the American colonies up to this time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#January–March", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – In protest of the Stamp Act, Bostonians attack the home of official Andrew Oliver.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373039097#July–December", "title": "1765", "revid": 1373039097, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – In protest of the Stamp Act, Bostonians destroy the home of lieutenant governor Thomas Hutchinson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373039097#July–December", "title": "1765", "revid": 1373039097, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – A boycott, of 38 types of goods imported from England, is resolved by Boston merchants meeting at Faneuil Hall as a response to the taxes imposed by Great Britain, and one of the first \"Buy American\" campaigns is started in order to encourage the purchase of items manufactured and produced in the 13 colonies. Copies of the agreement, to be signed by participating merchants, are circulated beyond the Province of Massachusetts Bay to other colonial provinces in New England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22–29 – The Massachusetts Convention of Towns, assembling in Boston, resolves on a written objection to the impending arrival of British troops rather than more militant action but causes panic in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#July–September", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Christopher Seider, an 11-year-old boy in Boston in the British Province of Massachusetts Bay, is shot and killed by a colonial official, Ebenezer Richardson. The funeral sets off anti-British protests that lead to the massacre days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Four ships – the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, the Beaver and the William – depart Britain for America, carrying the first Indian tea to be subject to the newly enacted taxes. The William is lost in a storm; the Dartmouth is the first ship to reach Boston, docking on November 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#October–December", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and feathers British customs collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with his cane.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#January–March", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – American Revolutionary War: Threatened by Patriot cannons on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuate Boston, ending the 11‑month Siege of Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – American Revolutionary War: American Patriots capture Dorchester Heights, dominating the port of Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – General Lafayette embarks on at Rochefort, arriving in Boston on April 28, carrying the news that he has secured French men and ships to reinforce the American side in the American Revolutionary War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#January–March", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – The last celebration of Massacre Day is held in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#January–March", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The Ohio Company of Associates is organized by five businessmen at a meeting at the Bunch-of-Grapes Tavern in Boston to purchase land from the United States government to form settlements in the modern-day U.S. state of Ohio.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370552329#January–March", "title": "1786", "revid": 1370552329, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – The first American novel, The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth, is printed in Boston, Massachusetts. The anonymous author is William Hill Brown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#January–March", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29–May 8 – The first American ships reach Japan, brigantine Lady Washington captained by John Kendrick of Boston, and the brig Grace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#April–June", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The State Street Corporation is founded, in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#Date_unknown", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Wearing masks at balls is forbidden in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#October–December", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – The Handel and Haydn Society, the oldest continuously performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance, in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587765#December", "title": "1815", "revid": 1365587765, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Boston, Massachusetts, is incorporated as a city following a vote.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#January–March", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#January–March", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11–12 – Ursuline Convent riots: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360367111#July–September", "title": "1834", "revid": 1360367111, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, Massachusetts, fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360323585#April–June", "title": "1837", "revid": 1360323585, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – The American Statistical Association is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#October–December", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "John Augustus develops the concept of probation in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#Date_unknown", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Edgar Allan Poe's short story \"The Tell-Tale Heart\" is published in The Pioneer, a Boston magazine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#January–March", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – Frederick Douglass's autobiographical Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is published by the Boston Anti-Slavery Society.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364939346#April–June", "title": "1845", "revid": 1364939346, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, the Boston Female Medical School (which later merges with Boston University School of Medicine), opens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#October–December", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – Nathaniel Hawthorne's historical novel The Scarlet Letter is published in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#January–March", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – The flip of a coin, subsequently named the Portland Penny, determines whether a new city in the Oregon Territory will be named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#January–March", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is published in book form in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#January–March", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – American Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts, the first African-American regiment, leaves Boston to fight for the Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#May", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365231456#July", "title": "1867", "revid": 1365231456, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Children's Hospital Boston is founded by Dr. Francis Henry Brown and other Harvard Medical School graduates, as a 20-bed facility in the South End of Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#July", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Great Boston Fire of 1872: In Boston, Massachusetts, a large fire begins to burn on Lincoln Street (the 2-day disaster destroys about 65 acre km2 of the city, 776 buildings, much of the financial district and causes US$60 million in damage).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#November", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – The first performance of the Piano Concerto No. 1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is given in Boston, Massachusetts, with Hans von Bülow as soloist.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371928758#October", "title": "1875", "revid": 1371928758, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#April", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#February", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – A two-day blizzard known as the Portland Gale piles snow in Boston, severely impacting the Massachusetts fishing industry and several coastal New England towns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#November", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – The Sinfonia Club, later to become the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston by Ossian Everett Mills.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#October", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – In Amherst, New York, nurse Jane Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis family of Boston with an overdose of morphine; she will confess to at least 31 killings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#October", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Classes begin at Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology in Boston, Massachusetts, established under the terms of Franklin's will.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#September", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts opens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503730#April", "title": "1912", "revid": 1373503730, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – Great Molasses Flood: A wave of molasses released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston, Massachusetts, killing 21 people and injuring 150.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#January", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#October", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – Cocoanut Grove fire: A fire in the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston, Massachusetts, kills 491.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#November", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – J. Hartwell Harrison and Joseph Murray perform the world's first successful kidney transplantation, in Boston, Massachusetts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#December", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – At Fenway Park in Boston, the first Major League Baseball All-Star Game tie occurs, when the game is stopped in the 9th inning due to rain (the only tie until 2002).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#July", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – Pan Am flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C, crashes at Logan International Airport, Boston, killing three people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#November", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1–7 – Pope John Paul II makes a six-city visit to the United States, starting in Boston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#October", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – 1987 Maryland train collision: An Amtrak train en route from Washington, D.C. to Boston collides with Conrail engines at Chase, Maryland, United States, killing 16 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#January", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Twelve paintings and a Shang dynasty vase, collectively worth $100 to $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts by two thieves posing as police officers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#March", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – Boston, Massachusetts, United States faces a hoax bomb scare, as a result of LED placards of Ignignokt and Err from Aqua Teen Hunger Force being mistaken as an improvised explosive device.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#January", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › January"}}]}