{"slug": "bristol", "label": "Bristol", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23154", "qid": "Q23154", "description": "city in South West England, United Kingdom", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [1142, 1980], "span_label": ["1142 CE", "1980 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-gascony", "label": "Duchy of Gascony", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "stephen-king-of-england", "label": "Stephen, King of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "empress-matilda", "label": "Empress Matilda", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-england", "label": "Henry III of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-i-of-england", "label": "Edward I of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "channel-islands", "label": "Channel Islands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-clement-v", "label": "Pope Clement V", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The 9-year-old Henry of Anjou, a son of Empress Matilda, lands on the south coast of England with his uncle, Earl Robert of Gloucester and several knights. Henry travels to Bristol, centre of Angevin opposition to King Stephen, where he is educated by Master Matthew. Meanwhile, Robert captures Lulworth Castle, Rufus Castle (\"Bow and Arrow Castle\") on the Isle of Portland and Wareham Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#England", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Henry II grants the city of Bristol ('Brycgstow') a Royal charter, and is divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset (until 1373).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#England", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Black Monday, Dublin: A group of 500 recently arrived settlers from Bristol are massacred by warriors of the Irish O'Byrne clan. The group (accompanied by women and children) leaves the safety of the walled city of Dublin to celebrate Easter Monday near a wood at Ranelagh, and are attacked without warning. Although a relatively obscure event in history, it is commemorated by a mustering of the Mayor, Sheriffs, and soldiers on the day, as a challenge to the native tribes for centuries afterwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Britain", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Henry III of England grants his eldest son the Lord Edward areas of land including crown lands in Wales, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Gascony. He is also given the cities of Bristol, Stamford and Grantham. The reason for these concessions is to give Edward experience of governing lands of his own before becoming a king. Edward is granted the Three Castles in Wales, Skenfrith Castle, White Castle and Grosmont Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#England", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the Parliament, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the Earldom of Cornwall, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in Gascony. Further to this, he is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by Pope Clement V. Edward II accompanies him to Bristol, from where he sets sail for Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#April_–_June", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – Bristol perambulation: Bristol is made a county corporate, the first town in he Kingdom of England outside London to be granted this status.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#July–September", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Italian-born explorer John Cabot sets sail from Bristol in England, on the ship Matthew (principally owned by Richard Amerike), looking for new lands to the west (some sources give a May 2 date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#April–June", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1498, "year_label": "1498 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – In \"early May\", the John Cabot expedition departs from Bristol on a second expedition westward to find a sea route between England and Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363338704#April–June", "title": "1498", "revid": 1363338704, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Bristol merchants return from Newfoundland (first so named this year from a letter) to England, carrying three native people and cod from the Grand Banks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#Date_unknown", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – The first Inuit to see Europe— Kalicho, Arnaq, and Arnaq's son, Nutaaq— are brought as captives of Martin Frobisher when HMS Gabriel arrived in England at Bristol. All three were captured on Baffin Island, and none of the three survive to the end of the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#July–September", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol, with 39 other colonists, for Newfoundland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#July–September", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert leaves Oxford for Bristol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#January–March", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – The 1831 Bristol riots (\"Queen Square riots\") in Bristol (England) begin, in connection with the Great Reform Bill controversy. Quelled by the authorities and the military on October 31, 100 city centre properties are destroyed, at least 120 are estimated to have been killed, 31 of the rioters will be sentenced to death and a colonel facing court-martial for failure to control the riot commits suicide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#October–December", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's is launched from Bristol; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#July–September", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – The first ever official English County Championship cricket match begins in Bristol; Yorkshire beats Gloucestershire, by eight wickets.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#May", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – The International Exhibition opens at the \"White City\", Ashton Gate, Bristol. It closes on August 15, and the site is used as a military depot.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#June", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#April", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › April"}}]}