{"slug": "bubonic-plague", "label": "Bubonic plague", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubonic_plague", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217519", "qid": "Q217519", "description": "human and animal disease", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [-405, 1894], "span_label": ["406 BCE", "1894 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 14}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syracuse-sicily", "label": "Syracuse, Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "middle-east", "label": "Middle East", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pelusium", "label": "Pelusium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "justinian-i", "label": "Justinian I", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -405, "year_label": "406 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Carthaginians again invade Sicily and attack Agrigentum (Acragas). Plague breaks out in their camp and Hannibal Mago dies. Himilco assumes command and captures Agrigentum (Acragas), Gela and Camarina. Gela is destroyed and its treasures sacked. The survivors take refuge in Syracuse. The plague is carried back to Carthage by its soldiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350128825#Carthage", "title": "406 BC", "revid": 1350128825, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -396, "year_label": "397 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Syracuse: A Carthaginian expeditionary army (some 50,000 men) under Himilco crosses to Sicily. They conquer the north coast and put Dionysius I, tyrant of Syracuse, on the defensive and besiege Syracuse. However, the Carthaginian army suffers from the plague. The Syracuse counterattacked and completely defeat Himilco's army. Himilco has to escape back to Carthage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698502#Carthage", "title": "397 BC", "revid": 1352698502, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": 259, "year_label": "259 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Valerian leads an army (70,000 men) to relieve Edessa, besieged by the forces of Persian King Shapur I. An outbreak of a plague kills many legionaries, weakening the Roman position in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331138913#Roman_Empire", "title": "259", "revid": 1331138913, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 541, "year_label": "541 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Plague of Justinian: Bubonic plague appears suddenly in the Egyptian port of Pelusium, spreading to Alexandria and, the following year, to Constantinople. This is the beginning of a 200-year-long pandemic that will devastate Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299131059#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "541", "revid": 1299131059, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 542, "year_label": "542 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Plague of Justinian: Bubonic plague, spread from Egypt, kills at least 230,000 in Constantinople (modern Istanbul; before counting stops), and perhaps two million or more in the rest of the empire. Emperor Justinian I contracts the disease but recovers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799594#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "542", "revid": 1340799594, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The plague hits Rome, and its victims include Pope Pelagius II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Europe", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 590, "year_label": "590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks and Burgundians under King Guntram invade Italy. They capture the cities Milan and Verona, but are forced to leave by a plague outbreak in the Po Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753220#Europe", "title": "590", "revid": 1364753220, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "A brief outbreak of plague hits Britain (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Britain", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 686, "year_label": "686 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Plague kills almost all of the Benedictine monks in the monastery of Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey (Northumbria), aside from the abbot Ceolfrith and one small boy – future scholar Bede.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367994465#Religion", "title": "686", "revid": 1367994465, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 745, "year_label": "745 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Bubonic plague in Asia Minor kills 1/3 of the population, and subsequently sweeps through the Peloponnese (Balkan Peninsula) (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906475#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "745", "revid": 1364906475, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 747, "year_label": "747 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Bubonic plague breaks out in Sicily, Calabria (Southern Italy), and Monemvasia (modern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468436#Europe", "title": "AD 747", "revid": 1364468436, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1346, "year_label": "1346 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A severe Bubonic Plague epidemic begins in the Crimea, marking the first major epidemic of the Black Death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441074#Events", "title": "1346", "revid": 1350441074, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Bubonic plague spreads in southern France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#Date_unknown", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1528, "year_label": "1528 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Bubonic plague breaks out in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369577446#Date_unknown", "title": "1528", "revid": 1369577446, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1665, "year_label": "1665 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – The burial of Margaret Porteous is recorded; hers is the first known death during the Great Plague of London. This last major outbreak of Bubonic plague in the British Isles has possibly been introduced from the Netherlands. Two-thirds of Londoners leave the city, but over 68,000 die. The plague spreads to Derbyshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988545#April–June", "title": "1665", "revid": 1365988545, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1738, "year_label": "1738 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739): The Russian army begins its attempt to cross the Dniester River and fails after three weeks; it is later decimated by plague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363165384#July–September", "title": "1738", "revid": 1363165384, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May", "text": "May – Third plague pandemic: Bubonic plague breaks out in the Tai Ping Shan area of Hong Kong (by the end of the year, the death toll is 2,552 people); it also breaks out this year in Canton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#May", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › May"}}]}