{"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748", "qid": "Q748", "description": "Indian religion", "entries": 111, "years": 108, "span": [-549, 1956], "span_label": ["550 BCE", "1956 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 29}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 27}, {"title": "Births", "count": 26}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 9}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "gautama-buddha", "label": "Gautama Buddha", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "zen", "label": "Zen", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "japan", "label": "Japan", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "faxian", "label": "Faxian", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ashoka", "label": "Ashoka", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "nanjing", "label": "Nanjing", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "chinese-language", "label": "Chinese language", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "korea", "label": "Korea", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bhikkhu", "label": "Bhikkhu", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sri-lanka", "label": "Sri Lanka", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -549, "year_label": "550 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Siddhartha Gautama founds Buddhism in Northern India after achieving enlightenment after six years of practicing penance and meditation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356470815#Events", "title": "550 BC", "revid": 1356470815, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -482, "year_label": "483 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gautama Buddha, Indian prince, founder of Buddhism (b. c. 563 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342607703#Deaths", "title": "483 BC", "revid": 1342607703, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Siddhārtha Gautama (also known as Buddha), founder of Buddhism (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#Deaths", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -326, "year_label": "327 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Moggaliputta-Tissa, Indian Buddhist monk, scholar and philosopher (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1259124608#Births", "title": "327 BC", "revid": 1259124608, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -265, "year_label": "266 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Mauryan emperor Ashoka converts to Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532834#India", "title": "266 BC", "revid": 1373532834, "section": "Events › By place › India"}}, {"year": -260, "year_label": "261 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mauryan Emperor Ashoka wages a war against the independent kingdom of Kalinga, culminating in the Battle of the Dhauli Hills. In the aftermath, Kalinga is annexed into the Mauryan Empire, but the brutality of the war is believed to have led to Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism, as described in his many Edicts of Ashoka.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278727971#India", "title": "261 BC", "revid": 1278727971, "section": "Events › By place › India"}}, {"year": -247, "year_label": "248 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Mauryan king Ashoka is dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism and begins establishing monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837859#India", "title": "248 BC", "revid": 1267837859, "section": "Events › By place › India"}}, {"year": -246, "year_label": "247 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Moggaliputta-Tissa, Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297567119#Deaths", "title": "247 BC", "revid": 1297567119, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -235, "year_label": "236 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Buddhism is introduced to Sri Lanka by Mahinda, a monk acting on behalf of the late Ashoka.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368088891#Sri_Lanka", "title": "236 BC", "revid": 1368088891, "section": "Events › By place › Sri Lanka"}}, {"year": 58, "year_label": "58 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Ming of Han introduces Buddhism to China inviting monks from the western Indus Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#China", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 58 AD › China"}}, {"year": 60, "year_label": "60 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Buddhamitra, Indian Buddhist nun (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372200754#Births", "title": "AD 60", "revid": 1372200754, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 65, "year_label": "65 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In China, the first official reference to Buddhism is made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363561417#Religion", "title": "AD 65", "revid": 1363561417, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 68, "year_label": "68 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Buddhism officially arrives in China with the building of the White Horse Temple.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330183058#Religion", "title": "AD 68", "revid": 1330183058, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 96, "year_label": "96 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A schism in Buddhism creates a new, popular religion in India, Mahâyâna (\"Great Vehicle\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318964145#Religion", "title": "AD 96", "revid": 1318964145, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 170, "year_label": "170 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "An Shigao, Chinese Buddhist missionary (b. AD 148)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303023#Deaths", "title": "AD 170", "revid": 1371303023, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 195, "year_label": "195 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ze Rong, Chinese warlord and Buddhist leader", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314035#Deaths", "title": "AD 195", "revid": 1371314035, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 276, "year_label": "276 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Bahram I of Persia dies after a 3-year reign, in which the Zoroastrian priests at Ctesiphon (Iran) put pressure on him to persecute Buddhists, Christians, and Manichaeans. He is succeeded by his son Bahram II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074469#Sassanid_Empire", "title": "276", "revid": 1267074469, "section": "Events › By place › Sassanid Empire"}}, {"year": 292, "year_label": "292 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zhu Jingjian, Chinese Buddhist nun (d. 361)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495826#Births", "title": "292", "revid": 1367495826, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 334, "year_label": "334 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Huiyuan, Chinese Buddhist teacher and founder of Donglin Temple (d. 416)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641884#Births", "title": "334", "revid": 1367641884, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 344, "year_label": "344 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Kumārajīva, Buddhist monk and translator (d. 413)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1314901826#Births", "title": "344", "revid": 1314901826, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 366, "year_label": "366 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Buddhist monk Lè Zūn has a vision of \"golden rays of light shining down on 1,000 Buddhas\", resulting in the creation of the Mogao Caves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370006797#Religion", "title": "366", "revid": 1370006797, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 371, "year_label": "371 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sengrui, Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar (d. 438)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1283531136#Births", "title": "371", "revid": 1283531136, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 372, "year_label": "372 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Buddhism is adopted as the official religion of Gorguryeo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332743719#Religion", "title": "372", "revid": 1332743719, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 379, "year_label": "379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Former Qin captures the city of Xiangyang from Eastern Jin. The Buddhist monk Dao'an is transferred from Xiangyang to Chang'an.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645183#China", "title": "379", "revid": 1367645183, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 384, "year_label": "384 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Chimnyu ascends to the throne of Baekje (Korea); he welcomes the Indian Buddhist monk Marananta into his palace, and later declares Buddhism the official religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741473#Asia", "title": "384", "revid": 1364741473, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 386, "year_label": "386 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Northern Wei Dynasty begins in China. The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe (proto-Mongol people) is politically separated from the Chinese dynasties established in Jiankang (modern Nanjing). The Northern Wei rulers are ardent supporters of Buddhism. Prince Dao Wu Di, age 15, becomes the first emperor (see Northern dynasties).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280220103#Asia", "title": "386", "revid": 1280220103, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 387, "year_label": "387 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhu Fatai, Chinese Buddhist scholar (b. 320)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205014#Deaths", "title": "387", "revid": 1349205014, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 399, "year_label": "399 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels to India, Sri Lanka and Kapilavastu (modern Nepal).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364933714#Asia", "title": "399", "revid": 1364933714, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 402, "year_label": "402 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, makes a pilgrimage to India, initiating Sino-Indian relations. Stirred by his faith to Buddhism, he visits the sites of Siddhartha Gautama's life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326555519#Asia", "title": "402", "revid": 1326555519, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 403, "year_label": "403 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Hui Yuan argues that Buddhist monks should be exempt from bowing to the emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641291#Asia", "title": "403", "revid": 1367641291, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 404, "year_label": "404 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese Buddhist monk Huiyuan, who founded the Pure Land Buddhism sect and the monastery on Mount Lushan, writes the book On Why Monks Do Not Bow Down Before Kings in this year. In his book he argues that although the Buddhist clergy should remain independent and undisturbed by politics, the Buddhist laymen nonetheless make good subjects under monarchs, due to their fear of retribution of karma and desire to be reborn in paradise.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641593#Asia", "title": "AD 404", "revid": 1367641593, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 406, "year_label": "406 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Faxian, Chinese traveler, arrives in India. He visits the major seats of Buddhist learning (Udyana, Peshawar, and Taxila).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305888876#Asia", "title": "406", "revid": 1305888876, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 413, "year_label": "413 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kumarajiva, Buddhist monk and translator (b. 344)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366415001#Deaths", "title": "413", "revid": 1366415001, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 414, "year_label": "414 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, returns from India and begins translating Buddhist works into Chinese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865369#Religion", "title": "414", "revid": 1346865369, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 425, "year_label": "425 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Buddhism begins to spread to Southeast Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645280#Religion", "title": "425", "revid": 1367645280, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Bodhidharma, semi-legendary Buddhist monk (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Births", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 446, "year_label": "446 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Three Disasters of Wu: The Northern Wei dynasty begins persecuting Buddhists, having heretofore encouraged them. The drain of manpower and tax money to temples and monasteries has threatened the secular government, and the reaction is fierce: monks and nuns are murdered, temples and icons destroyed. All men under age 50 are prohibited from joining any monastic order in a program that will continue until 450, helping the Confucianist philosophy of the Han dynasty to gain dominance over Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739578#China", "title": "446", "revid": 1364739578, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 448, "year_label": "448 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kou Qianzhi, Chinese Daoist reformer, dies after having converted emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei and having established Daoism as the country's dominant religion. His death presages a revival of Buddhism as China's dominant faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330678266#China", "title": "448", "revid": 1330678266, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 480, "year_label": "480 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Dignāga, Buddhist founder of Indian logic (d. 540)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739995#Births", "title": "480", "revid": 1364739995, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 502, "year_label": "502 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Nanhua Temple, located southeast of Shaoguan, is founded by the Indian monk Zhiyao Sanzang. The temple covers an area of 42.5 ha acre and consists of a set of historical Buddhist buildings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748175#China", "title": "AD 502", "revid": 1364748175, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 517, "year_label": "517 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wu Di of the Liang Dynasty becomes a Buddhist, and introduces the new religion to central China. He demands that sacrifices to imperial ancestors be changed to using dried meat, instead of the traditional animals (goats, pigs and cows).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340791909#China", "title": "517", "revid": 1340791909, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 520, "year_label": "520 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Bodhidharma, Buddhist monk, arrives in Luoyang. He spreads Buddhism and travels to the northern Chinese kingdom of Wei, to the Shaolin Monastery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364908909#Asia", "title": "520", "revid": 1364908909, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 527, "year_label": "527 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, formally adopts Buddhism as a state religion (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793725#Religion", "title": "527", "revid": 1340793725, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 528, "year_label": "528 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Hephthalites (White Huns) move from the Hindu Kush into the Punjab region, and eastward across the Ganges Delta, ravaging cities and Buddhist monasteries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793729#Asia", "title": "528", "revid": 1340793729, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 528, "year_label": "528 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bodhidharma, Buddhist monk (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793729#Deaths", "title": "528", "revid": 1340793729, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 530, "year_label": "530 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Xiao Zhuang Di is arrested and imprisoned in a Buddhist temple at Jinyang (Shanxi). He is succeeded by Chang Guang Wang, who becomes the new ruler of Northern Wei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364758665#China", "title": "530", "revid": 1364758665, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 538, "year_label": "538 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "King Seong of Paekche (Korea) moves the capital from Ungjin (present-day Gongju) further south to Sabi (present-day Buyeo County), on the Geum River. He sends a diplomatic mission that formally introduces Buddhism to the Japanese imperial court (see also 552).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351200776#Asia", "title": "538", "revid": 1351200776, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 540, "year_label": "540 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Dignāga, Buddhist founder of Indian logic", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291057#Deaths", "title": "540", "revid": 1367291057, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jizang, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 623)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Births", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 557, "year_label": "557 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Jiming Temple in Nanjing is built; the Buddhist pagoda is located near Xuanwu Lake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800259#Religion", "title": "557", "revid": 1340800259, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 561, "year_label": "561 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jnanagupta, a Buddhist monk from Gandhara (Pakistan), begins translating Buddhist texts into Chinese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800797#Religion", "title": "561", "revid": 1340800797, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 562, "year_label": "562 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The secondary capital Taiyuan in Northern Qi is rebuilt and becomes a center of Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749268#Asia", "title": "562", "revid": 1364749268, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 585, "year_label": "585 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Wideok of Baekje (Korea) sends an official escort (bearing tribute), along with a master of Buddhist meditation, a reciter of Buddhist magic spells, a temple architect, and a sculptor of Buddhist images, to the Chinese court of the Sui dynasty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938601#Religion", "title": "585", "revid": 1365938601, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 591, "year_label": "591 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jnanagupta, Afghan Buddhist monk, translates the Vimalakirti Sutra into Chinese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751608#Religion", "title": "591", "revid": 1364751608, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 597, "year_label": "597 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhiyi, de facto founder of Tiantai Buddhism (b. 538)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755884#Deaths", "title": "597", "revid": 1364755884, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Sumatra, Java, and the surrounding islands are converted to Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Religion", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 601, "year_label": "601 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hongren, Chán (Buddhist) patriarch of the Tang dynasty (d. 674)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903478#Births", "title": "601", "revid": 1364903478, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 617, "year_label": "617 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Wonhyo, Korean Buddhist monk and writer (d. 686)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751852#Births", "title": "617", "revid": 1364751852, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Jizang, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 549)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Deaths", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 643, "year_label": "643 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Fazang, Chinese Buddhist patriarch (d. 712)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804491#Births", "title": "643", "revid": 1340804491, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 668, "year_label": "668 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gyōki, Japanese Buddhist priest (d. 749)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805218#Births", "title": "668", "revid": 1340805218, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 671, "year_label": "671 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Yijing, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels by boat from Guangzhou, and visits the capital of the partly Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Palembang (Indonesia). He stays for 6 months to study Sanskrit grammar and the Malay language.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805234#Asia", "title": "671", "revid": 1340805234, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 674, "year_label": "674 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hongren, Chán (Buddhist) patriarch of the Tang dynasty (b. 601)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352002710#Deaths", "title": "674", "revid": 1352002710, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 686, "year_label": "686 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Wonhyo, Korean Buddhist monk (b. 617)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367994465#Deaths", "title": "686", "revid": 1367994465, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 688, "year_label": "688 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jianzhen, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 763)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806290#Births", "title": "688", "revid": 1340806290, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 694, "year_label": "694 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xue Huai-yi, Chinese Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806245#Deaths", "title": "694", "revid": 1340806245, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 712, "year_label": "712 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Fazang, Chinese Buddhist patriarch (b. 643)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357552155#Deaths", "title": "712", "revid": 1357552155, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 736, "year_label": "736 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Rōben, scholar-Buddhist monk, invites Shinshō to give lectures on the Avatamsaka Sutra at Kinshōsen-ji (later Tōdai-ji); this event is considered to be the roots of the Kegon school of Buddhism founded in Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809679#Asia", "title": "736", "revid": 1340809679, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 751, "year_label": "751 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The oldest surviving printed document, a Buddhist scripture, is printed in Korea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809785#Religion", "title": "751", "revid": 1340809785, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 755, "year_label": "755 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Trisong Detsen becomes emperor of Tibet. During his reign he plays a pivotal role in the introduction of Buddhism, and the establishment of the Nyingma or \"Ancient\" school of Tibetan Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847491#Asia", "title": "755", "revid": 1340847491, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 759, "year_label": "759 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Tōshōdai-ji Buddhist Temple is founded in Nara, Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847712#Religion", "title": "759", "revid": 1340847712, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 763, "year_label": "763 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Jianzhen, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 688)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359487766#Deaths", "title": "763", "revid": 1359487766, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 779, "year_label": "779 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jia Dao, Chinese poet and Buddhist monk (d. 843)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848243#Births", "title": "779", "revid": 1340848243, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 796, "year_label": "796 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Tō-ji, a Buddhist temple of the Shingon sect, is established in Kyoto, Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907018#Religion", "title": "796", "revid": 1364907018, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 804, "year_label": "804 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Priest Saichō, patriarch of Tendai Buddhism, visits China and reportedly brings back tea seeds (or 805).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076299#Asia", "title": "804", "revid": 1267076299, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 805, "year_label": "805 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Priest Saichō, patriarch of Tendai Buddhism, visits China and introduces tea to Japan on his return (or 804).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361734873#Asia", "title": "805", "revid": 1361734873, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 825, "year_label": "825 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Borobudur, a Mahayana Buddhist Temple, is completed in Central Java (modern Indonesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941320#Religion", "title": "825", "revid": 1340941320, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 843, "year_label": "843 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Jia Dao, Chinese poet and Buddhist monk (b. 779)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941897#Deaths", "title": "843", "revid": 1340941897, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "It is hypothesized that sometime around 850 a group of Buddhist pilgrims travelling through a valley near Roopkund (modern India) were killed when caught out in the open in a sudden hailstorm. Their remains were discovered in 1942.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#India", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Events › Middle East › India"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Huangbo Xiyun, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Deaths", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 982, "year_label": "982 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Atiśa, Bengali Buddhist religious leader (d. 1054)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468335#Births", "title": "982", "revid": 1364468335, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gusiluo, Tibetan religious leader of Buddhism (d. 1065)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Births", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1007, "year_label": "1007 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Maitripada, Indian Buddhist philosopher (d. 1085)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910071#Births", "title": "1007", "revid": 1341910071, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Srivijaya, a Buddhist kingdom based in Sumatra, is attacked by Emperor Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty of southern India in a dispute over trading rights in Southeast Asia. It survives but declines in importance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Asia", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1036, "year_label": "1036 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Flower Sermon first appears in Buddhist literature.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215297#Religion", "title": "1036", "revid": 1342215297, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1043, "year_label": "1043 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Furong Daokai, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1118)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365591040#Births", "title": "1043", "revid": 1365591040, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Vidyakara, Indian Buddhist scholar (d. 1130)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Births", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1052, "year_label": "1052 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xuedou Chongxian, Chinese Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350127696#Deaths", "title": "1052", "revid": 1350127696, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Atiśa, Tibetan Buddhist leader and master (b. c.980)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Deaths", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1055, "year_label": "1055 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Uicheon, Korean Buddhist monk (d. 1101)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301978694#Births", "title": "1055", "revid": 1301978694, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1059, "year_label": "1059 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ngok Loden Sherab, Tibetan Buddhist monk (d. 1109)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271111243#Births", "title": "1059", "revid": 1271111243, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1064, "year_label": "1064 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Danxia Zichun, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1117)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558075#Births", "title": "1064", "revid": 1369558075, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1065, "year_label": "1065 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gusiluo, Tibetan religious leader of Buddhism (b. 997)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271706#Deaths", "title": "1065", "revid": 1365271706, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1085, "year_label": "1085 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Maitripada, Indian Buddhist philosopher (b. 1007)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159073#Deaths", "title": "1085", "revid": 1362159073, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "A vast compilation of Liao, Korean, and Song Buddhist writings is completed (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Culture", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By topic › Culture"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist monk (d. 1176)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Births", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Khön Könchok Gyalpo, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1034)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Deaths", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1109, "year_label": "1109 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ngok Loden Sherab, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1059)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315946#Deaths", "title": "1109", "revid": 1367315946, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Danxia Zichun, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1064)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Deaths", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Furong Daokai, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 1043)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#Deaths", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1176, "year_label": "1176 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1102)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532887#Deaths", "title": "1176", "revid": 1366532887, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1179, "year_label": "1179 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Drigung Kagyu school of Kagyu Buddhism is founded (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363299926#Religion", "title": "1179", "revid": 1363299926, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1193, "year_label": "1193 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ghurid forces under Qutb al-Din Aibak capture Delhi. General Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji sacks and burns the ancient city of Nalanda, India's greatest Buddhist seat of learning, and the university of Vikramashila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367180478#Asia", "title": "1193", "revid": 1367180478, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xueting Fuyu, Chinese Zen Buddhist abbot (d. 1275)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Births", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1208, "year_label": "1208 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for four days and nights, destroying 58,097 houses over an area of more than 3 mi km, killing 59 people, and an unrecorded number of other people, who are trampled while attempting to flee. The government provides temporary lodging for 5,345 people, in nearby Buddhist and Taoist monasteries. The collective victims of the disaster are given 160,000 strings of cash, along with 400 tons of rice. Some of the government officials who lose their homes take up residence in rented boathouses on the nearby West Lake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078934#Asia", "title": "1208", "revid": 1371078934, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1251, "year_label": "1251 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The carving of the Tripitaka Koreana, a collection of Buddhist scriptures recorded on some 81,000 wooden blocks, is completed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362481176#Asia", "title": "1251", "revid": 1362481176, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1279, "year_label": "1279 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – The Dai-Gohonzon, supreme object of veneration of Nichiren Shōshū Buddhism, is said to be inscribed by Nichiren Daishonin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487704#Asia", "title": "1279", "revid": 1362487704, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1290, "year_label": "1290 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Buton Rinchen Drub, Tibetan Buddhist religious leader (d. 1364)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343598991#Births", "title": "1290", "revid": 1343598991, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Tibetan lama Je Tsongkhapa, of the Gelug school of Buddhism, declines the offer of the Emperor Cheng Zu of China to appear in the capital at Nanjing, although he sends his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes, who is given the title \"State Teacher\". The later Xuande Emperor will grant Yeshes the title of a king, upon a return visit to China (to the new capital at Beijing).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#Date_unknown", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – With the passage of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act by the Indian government, Mahabodhi Temple is restored to partial Buddhist control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#June", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – Dalit Buddhist movement (India): B. R. Ambedkar, Dalit leader, converts to Buddhism, along with 500,000 followers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#October", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › October"}}]}