{"slug": "byzantine", "label": "Byzantine", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 11, "years": 11, "span": [462, 1390], "span_label": ["462 CE", "1390 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "john-v-palaiologos", "label": "John V Palaiologos", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "greece", "label": "Greece", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-turks", "label": "Ottoman Turks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mediterranean-sea", "label": "Mediterranean Sea", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 462, "year_label": "462 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Possible start of the first Byzantine indiction cycle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284520427#Roman_Empire", "title": "462", "revid": 1284520427, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 682, "year_label": "682 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At about this time, Muslim Umayyad Caliphate forces led by Uqba ibn Nafi overrun the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea. He occupies the cities of Tripoli and Carthage, the last Byzantine bases in Africa. In 682 or 683 the Umayyads are ambushed at the Battle of Vescera near Biskra (modern Algeria) by Romano-Berbers of King Caecilius and their Byzantine allies from the Exarchate of Carthage. Uqba ibn Nafi is killed and his army evacuates the city of Kairouan in Tunisia and withdraws to Barca.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973674#Africa", "title": "682", "revid": 1347973674, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 848, "year_label": "848 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Saracens conquer Ragusa (Sicily), after its Byzantine garrison is forced by severe famine to surrender. The city and its castle are razed to the ground.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129160#Europe", "title": "848", "revid": 1341129160, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Battle of Milazzo: The Aghlabids score a crushing victory over a Byzantine fleet off Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Europe", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 928, "year_label": "928 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – A Fatimid fleet under Sabir al-Fata raids Byzantine southern Italy. It captures a locality named al-Ghiran ('the caves') in Apulia and sacks the cities of Taranto and Otranto. The inhabitants are carried off to North Africa as slaves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916804#Italy", "title": "928", "revid": 1364916804, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – Battle of Spercheios: Byzantine forces, under General Nikephoros Ouranos, defeat the Bulgarians at the Spercheios River in Greece. During a night battle, the Bulgarian co-ruler Samuel is wounded; he and his son Gavril Radomir evade capture, by feigning death among the bodies of their slain soldiers. Samuel sets off to Bulgaria, and retreats with the remnants of his army, into the Pindus Mountains. Ouranos returns to Constantinople, with 1,000 heads of Bulgarian soldiers and 12,000 captives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine co-emperor John V Palaiologos pledges loyalty to the Ottoman Empire, to prevent the Turks from invading Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#Date_unknown", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – Byzantine co-emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos allies with Savcı Bey, the son of the Ottoman Sultan Murad I, rebels against his father, John V Palaiologos, for agreeing to let Constantinople become a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, but the rebellion fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#April–June", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – With the help of the Genoese, Byzantine co-emperor Andronicus IV Palaeologus invades Constantinople and dethrones his father, John V Palaeologus, as co-emperor. John V Palaeologus is taken prisoner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#July–September", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Forces of the Republic of Venice and Ottoman Turks, having invaded Constantinople, restore John V Palaiologos as Byzantine co-emperor. Andronikos IV Palaiologos is allowed to remain as co-emperor, but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#July–September", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall of Philadelphia– The Ottomans take Philadelphia, the last Byzantine enclave of any significance in Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#Date_unknown", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}