{"slug": "cadiz", "label": "Cádiz", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1diz", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15682", "qid": "Q15682", "description": "municipality and capital city of the province of Cádiz, Spain", "entries": 19, "years": 17, "span": [-500, 1823], "span_label": ["501 BCE", "1823 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "balearic-islands", "label": "Balearic Islands", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "scipio-africanus", "label": "Scipio Africanus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-carthage", "label": "Ancient Carthage", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "county-of-barcelona", "label": "County of Barcelona", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lisbon", "label": "Lisbon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -500, "year_label": "501 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gadir (present-day Cádiz) is captured by Carthage. (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322276305#Mediterranean", "title": "501 BC", "revid": 1322276305, "section": "Events › By place › Mediterranean"}}, {"year": -205, "year_label": "206 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Battle of Ilipa (Alcalá del Río, near Seville) in Spain, the Carthaginian generals, Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, are defeated by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio. Mago retreats to Gades (modern Cádiz) and then sails for the Balearic Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853494#Roman_Republic", "title": "206 BC", "revid": 1361853494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 1133, "year_label": "1133 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona, launches a raid against Almoravid-held territories in Al-Andalus (modern Spain), and pillages the country all the way to Cádiz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156605#Europe", "title": "1133", "revid": 1362156605, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1262, "year_label": "1262 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Reconquista: Castilian-Leonese forces led by Alfonso X conquer Cádiz. The city has been under Moorish rule since 711. The Muslims are ousted, and Alfonso repopulates the region (also called the Repoblación).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275696322#Europe", "title": "1262", "revid": 1275696322, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1493, "year_label": "1493 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Christopher Columbus leaves Cádiz on his second voyage of exploration.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631093#July–September", "title": "1493", "revid": 1371631093, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves Cádiz, for his first voyage to the New World. The account of a voyage (lasting until October 15, 1498) is doubted because the only mention of it is in a letter written six years later, and the course described would have traveled across the land of Mexico and into the Pacific Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#April–June", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1596, "year_label": "1596 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – Capture of Cádiz: An English fleet, commanded by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Lord Howard of Effingham, sacks Cádiz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369722581#July–September", "title": "1596", "revid": 1369722581, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Ottoman Empire attempts landings at the shoreline between Cádiz and Lisbon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1–7 – Cádiz Expedition: English forces commanded by Admiral George Villiers (which set out from Plymouth on October 8) are decisively defeated by the Spanish at Cádiz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#October–December", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1671, "year_label": "1671 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – A tornado kills more than 600 people in the city of Cádiz in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365991065#January–March", "title": "1671", "revid": 1365991065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Vigo Bay – Anglo-Dutch naval forces under English Admiral Sir George Rooke capture the defended Spanish port of Cádiz and take or destroy all the Spanish treasure fleet and escorting French warships there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#October–December", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Casa de Contratación (House of Trade) is set up in Cádiz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#Date_unknown", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The secret Lautaro Lodge as the Logia de los Caballeros Racionales (\"Lodge of Rational Knights\") is founded, perhaps in Cádiz; membership will include many leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence such as Francisco de Miranda, Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#Undated", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1805, "year_label": "1805 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Admiral Nelson of the British Royal Navy takes command of the fleet off the coast of Cádiz, in order to counteract the navies of France and Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357161554#July–September", "title": "1805", "revid": 1357161554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – Siege of Cádiz: Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult abandons the two-and-a-half-year siege at Cádiz. He withdraws eastward with his forces to join King Joseph Bonaparte and Louis-Gabriel Suchet in Valencia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#July–September", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – The first Spanish Christmas Lottery is drawn, in Cádiz; it will be continuing more than two centuries later. The first Lotería Nacional was drawn on March 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#October–December", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – A constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to the summoning of the Spanish Parliament to meet on March 7, becoming the nominal beginning of the \"Trienio Liberal\" in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795492#January–March", "title": "1820", "revid": 1368795492, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – Battle of Trocadero: French infantry of the \"Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis\" capture the fort of Trocadero and turn its guns on Cádiz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#July–September", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – Cádiz surrenders to the French and Ferdinand VII of Spain is restored to his throne, immediately repealing the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812. Despite French advice, he begins an era of repression against his opponents known as the Ominous Decade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#July–September", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}